Relação entre aminoácidos essenciais em dietas para pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) na fase inicial de crescimento utilizando o método de deleção
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Data
2018-02-19
Autores
Boaratti, André Zuffo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na produção animal busca-se sempre a eficiência, com menor impacto no ambiente e consequentemente maior rentabilidade. Para tal sucesso, uma das principais ferramentas é a alimentação correta e balanceada fornecida para o animal, onde a proteína exerce grande influência. O pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) é uma das espécies de peixe nativas mais estudadas e cultivadas principalmente nas regiões sudeste e centro oeste do Brasil, justamente por apresentar características ideais para a aquicultura. Desta forma o presente estudo objetiva estimar, com o uso da metodologia de deleção, a relação dos aminoácidos essenciais (AAE) em dietas para juvenis de pacu, a fim de garantir uma melhor e mais eficiente utilização da proteína fornecida, melhorando consequentemente os aspectos produtivos e ambientais. Sendo assim, 634 juvenis de pacu com peso inicial médio de 6,23g foram distribuídos em 33 tanques de 180L ligados a um sistema de recirculação de água, equipado com filtragem mecânica e biológica, trocador de calor e aeração. O experimento teve duração de 113 dias, onde os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade aparente. O estudo foi composto por 11 tratamentos com três repetições, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As 11 dietas experimentais (basal e 10 dietas com um AAE deletado), semipurificadas e extrusadas, foram formuladas pela técnica da deleção e apresentaram a deleção de apenas um AAE para cada tratamento, mantendo-se isonutritivas. Com os valores de retenção de nitrogênio corporal e a quantidade de aminoácido deletado da dieta avaliada obteve-se a seguinte proporção ideal de AAE digestíveis (relativo a lisina): lisina 1,000; metionina 0,089; treonina 0,336; triptofano 0,047; arginina 0,593; histidina 0,154; isoleucina 0,147; leucina 0,358; fenilalanina 0,158; valina 0,282. Os resultados mostraram, com algumas exceções, uma relação semelhante entre as proporções de AAE encontradas neste estudo e em outros estudos utilizando a mesma metodologia para outras espécies de peixes.
In animal production, efficiency is always sought, with less environmental impact and consequently increased profitability. One of the main factors that can help in these difficulties is the correct and balanced feeding supplied to the animal, where the protein exerts a great influence. Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most studied and cultivated native fish species mainly in the southeast and central west of Brazil and is considered very suitable for aquaculture because of its ideal characteristics. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate, by the deletion method, the essential amino acids (EAA) ratio for juveniles of pacu in order to ensure better and more efficient use of the provided protein. So 634 juvenile of pacus with an initial average weight of 6.23g were distributed in thirty three 180L tanks connected to a closed water recirculation system, equipped with mechanical and biological filtration, water heater and aeration. The experiment lasted 133 days, and the fish were fed until the apparent satiation. The study was consisted of 11 experimental diets with three replications each, distributed in a completely randomized design. The 11 experimental, semi-purified and extruded diets (basal and 10 diets with EAA deletion), formulated by the deletion technique, present the deletion of just one EAA for each treatment, keeping up isonutrient. With the body nitrogen retention values and the deleted amount of amino acid from evaluated diet, we could obtain the following ideal proportion of digestible EAA (relative to lysine): lysine 1.000, methionine 0.089, threonine 0.336, tryptophan 0.047, arginine 0.593, histidine 0.154, isoleucine 0.147, leucine 0.358, phenylalanine 0.158, valine 0.282. The results showed, with some exceptions, a similar profile between the EAA ratios founded in this study and in other studies using the same methodology for other species of fish.
In animal production, efficiency is always sought, with less environmental impact and consequently increased profitability. One of the main factors that can help in these difficulties is the correct and balanced feeding supplied to the animal, where the protein exerts a great influence. Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most studied and cultivated native fish species mainly in the southeast and central west of Brazil and is considered very suitable for aquaculture because of its ideal characteristics. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate, by the deletion method, the essential amino acids (EAA) ratio for juveniles of pacu in order to ensure better and more efficient use of the provided protein. So 634 juvenile of pacus with an initial average weight of 6.23g were distributed in thirty three 180L tanks connected to a closed water recirculation system, equipped with mechanical and biological filtration, water heater and aeration. The experiment lasted 133 days, and the fish were fed until the apparent satiation. The study was consisted of 11 experimental diets with three replications each, distributed in a completely randomized design. The 11 experimental, semi-purified and extruded diets (basal and 10 diets with EAA deletion), formulated by the deletion technique, present the deletion of just one EAA for each treatment, keeping up isonutrient. With the body nitrogen retention values and the deleted amount of amino acid from evaluated diet, we could obtain the following ideal proportion of digestible EAA (relative to lysine): lysine 1.000, methionine 0.089, threonine 0.336, tryptophan 0.047, arginine 0.593, histidine 0.154, isoleucine 0.147, leucine 0.358, phenylalanine 0.158, valine 0.282. The results showed, with some exceptions, a similar profile between the EAA ratios founded in this study and in other studies using the same methodology for other species of fish.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Proteína ideal, Retenção de nitrogênio, Nutrição, Peixe, Nutrition, Fish, Ideal protein concept, Nitrogen retention