Efeitos sistêmicos viscerais e somáticos do Benzo-[alfa]-pireno em Physalaemus nattereri mediante as vias de exposição oral e injetável
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Data
2018-02-28
Autores
Valverde, Bruno Serra de Lacerda
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os anuros se encontram em declínio populacional, sendo uma das causas atribuídas à poluição de seus habitats. Características como ausência de cascas nos ovos, ciclo de vida dependente da água e elevada permeabilidade tegumentar tornam os anuros suscetíveis a compostos químicos presentes no ecossistema aquático e terrestre. Dentre esses compostos temos o benzo-[alfa]-pireno (BαP) um contaminante ambiental amplamente encontrado no ambiente em que os anuros vivem, o qual possui efeitos carcinogênicos e tóxicos. Esses efeitos são observados nos anuros, especificamente nas células pigmentares internas, no epitélio intestinal e nas células sanguíneas; sendo dessa forma considerados biomarcadores para o BαP. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os efeitos sistêmicos do BαP em Physalaemus nattereri, e se esses efeitos são influenciados pela via de exposição. Para isso foram coletados 24 espécimes, os quais receberam 3mg/Kg de BαP, diluído em óleo mineral, ou apenas o óleo (controle), por uma via oral ou injetável. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a via de exposição influencia nos efeitos do BαP sobre as células pigmentares, as quais apresentaram um aumento e uma diminuição em sua área pigmentar; e sobre a espessura do epitélio intestinal, que apresentou uma diminuição mais acentuada na via oral do que na injetável. O BαP também é responsável por aumentar a frequência de anormalidades nucleares, no entanto essas não foram influenciadas pela via de exposição, demonstrando efeitos genotóxicos do BαP independente da via de exposição. Esses resultados demonstram que o BαP tem o potencial de causar um efeito sistêmico, sendo evidenciado pelas alterações morfológicas nas células pigmentares internas do fígado e do testículo, no epitélio intestinal e nas células sanguíneas de P. nattereri.
Anurans are in declining population, being one of the causes attributed to the pollution of their habitats. Characteristics such as absence of eggshells, waterdependent life cycle and high skin permeability make anurans susceptible to chemical compounds present in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Among these compounds we found benzo-[alpha]-pyrene (BαP) an environmental contaminant widely found in the environment in which anurans live. BαP present carcinogenic and toxic effects in animals. These effects are observed in anurans, specifically in the internal pigment cells, in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood cells; being thus considered biomarkers for BαP. The aim of this study was to analyze the systemic effects of BαP on Physalaemus nattereri, and whether these effects are influenced by the route of exposure. For this, 24 specimens were collected, which received 3mg/kg of BαP diluted in mineral oil, or just the oil (control), by an oral or injectable route. Our results demonstrated that the route of exposure influences the effects of BαP on the pigmentary cells, which presented an increase and a decrease in their pigmentary area; and on the thickness of the intestinal epithelium, which presented a more pronounced decrease in the oral route than in the injectable. BαP is also responsible for increasing the frequency of nuclear abnormalities, but these were not influenced by the route of exposure, demonstrating genotoxic effects of BαP independent of the route of exposure. These results demonstrate that BαP has the potential to cause a systemic effect, being evidenced by the morphological alterations in the internal pigment cells of the liver and the testis, in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood cells of P. nattereri.
Anurans are in declining population, being one of the causes attributed to the pollution of their habitats. Characteristics such as absence of eggshells, waterdependent life cycle and high skin permeability make anurans susceptible to chemical compounds present in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Among these compounds we found benzo-[alpha]-pyrene (BαP) an environmental contaminant widely found in the environment in which anurans live. BαP present carcinogenic and toxic effects in animals. These effects are observed in anurans, specifically in the internal pigment cells, in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood cells; being thus considered biomarkers for BαP. The aim of this study was to analyze the systemic effects of BαP on Physalaemus nattereri, and whether these effects are influenced by the route of exposure. For this, 24 specimens were collected, which received 3mg/kg of BαP diluted in mineral oil, or just the oil (control), by an oral or injectable route. Our results demonstrated that the route of exposure influences the effects of BαP on the pigmentary cells, which presented an increase and a decrease in their pigmentary area; and on the thickness of the intestinal epithelium, which presented a more pronounced decrease in the oral route than in the injectable. BαP is also responsible for increasing the frequency of nuclear abnormalities, but these were not influenced by the route of exposure, demonstrating genotoxic effects of BαP independent of the route of exposure. These results demonstrate that BαP has the potential to cause a systemic effect, being evidenced by the morphological alterations in the internal pigment cells of the liver and the testis, in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood cells of P. nattereri.
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Palavras-chave
Eritrócitos, Fígado, Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos, Intestino delgado, Testículo, Erythrocytes, Liver, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Small intestine, Testis