Degradação de filtros solares selecionados, ureia e desinfecção de água de piscina por fotoeletrocatálise combinada com ozonização
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Data
2018-03-08
Autores
Kim, Joaquim Yuji Usukura
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de protetores solares para abrandar os efeitos danosos da radiação solar à pele humana leva à contaminação da água de piscinas, o que pode ser prejudicial à saúde humana e ao ambiente. O presente trabalho investiga uma alternativa para o tratamento de piscinas usando a fotoeletrocatálise combinada à ozonização (FEC+O3). A técnica baseia-se na geração de radicais hidroxila (•OH) que podem mineralizar os compostos orgânicos a CO¬2 e H¬¬2O. Neste trabalho, a 3-benzofenona, substância amplamente utilizada em protetores solares comerciais, foi usada como composto modelo para investigação da eficiência de tratamento por FEC+O3. Monitorou-se também a degradação de ureia e a desinfecção da água usando o fungo Candida parapsilosis. Inicialmente, foram desenvolvidos reatores fotoeletrocatalíticos anulares de bolhas, onde os corantes Amarelo Ácido 1 e Azul de Metileno fora utilizados como modelos de poluentes coloridos. A melhor configuração do reator foi aquela utilizando fotoânodo de nanotubos de TiO2, contra eletrodo de DSA com grande área geométrica, lâmpada UV-B de 36 W, borbulhador de vidro sinterizado e aplicação de 2,0 V no sistema fotoeletrocatalítico. A utilização deste reator promoveu a remoção de 100 % de 3-benzofenona após 20 min de tratamento de solução contendo 30,0 mg L−1 em 0,01 mol L−1 de sulfato de sódio sob irradiação UVB de 36 W, voltagem de 2,0 V e vazão de 3,85 × 10−4 mol min−1 ¬de O¬3. Os resultados indicam que a remoção de carbono orgânico total atinge 90% após 120 min de tratamento. Do mesmo modo, a técnica alcança100% de inativação de 1,0 × 106 UFC mL−1 de Candida parapsilosis após 45 min de tratamento e remoção de mais de 90% de COT após 120 min. Soluções com até 20,0 mg L−1 de ureia não interferem na degradação do filtro solar, sendo que 50% de ureia é removida após 120 min de tratamento nestas condições experimentais. O método foi aplicado com sucesso em águas de piscina fortificadas com 3-BF 10,0 mg L−1 , ureia e Candida parapsilosis observando-se total degradação do filtro solar mesmo quando monitorado por LC-MS/MS, remoção de 90% de COT e total inativação do fungo.
The sunscreen used to minimise the harmful effects from solar radiation to the human skin leads to swimming pool water contamination, which can be harmful to human health and to the environment. The present work investigates an alternative for swimming pool treatment using photoelectrocatalysis coupled with ozonation. The technique is based on hydroxil radical generation (•OH) that can mineralize organic compounds to CO2 and H2O. Assays were done in this work with fortified water with benzophenone-3 used as model compound of sunscreens widely used in commercial sun blockers. The method yet monitored the urea degradation and the water disinfection using the fungus Candida parapsilosis. Firstly, photoelectrocatalytic reactors coupled with ozonation process were developed and for this, Yellow Acid 1 and Methylene Blue dye were used as colorful pollutant models. The best reactor configuration was the one using TiO2 nanotubes as photoanode in tube format with holes, auxiliary electrode made of DSA® with high geometric area, 36 W UVB emission lamp, sintered glass bubbler and 2,0 V applied voltage in the photoelectrocatalytic system. The reactor usage shows 100% removal of 3-benzophenone after 20 min treatment of solution containing 30.0 mg L−1 in 0.01 mol L−1 of sodium sulfate under UVB radiation, 2,0 V applied voltage and 3.85x10-4 mol min−1 O3 flow rate. The results indicate the removal of total organic carbon reach 90% after 120 minutes treatment. Likewise, the technique reached 100% of inactivation of 1.0x106 CFU mL−1 of Candida parapsilosis after 45 min treatment and more than 90% TOC removal after 120 min. Urea solutions up to 20.0 mgL−1 did not interfered in sunscreen degradation, and 50% of urea is removed after 120 min treatment in these experimental conditions. The method was successfully applied in swimming pool water fortified with 10.0 mgL−1 of benzophenone-3, urea and Candida parapsilosis, observing sunscreen total degradation even when monitored with LC-MS/MS with lower detection level, 90% TOC removal and fully fungal inactivation.
The sunscreen used to minimise the harmful effects from solar radiation to the human skin leads to swimming pool water contamination, which can be harmful to human health and to the environment. The present work investigates an alternative for swimming pool treatment using photoelectrocatalysis coupled with ozonation. The technique is based on hydroxil radical generation (•OH) that can mineralize organic compounds to CO2 and H2O. Assays were done in this work with fortified water with benzophenone-3 used as model compound of sunscreens widely used in commercial sun blockers. The method yet monitored the urea degradation and the water disinfection using the fungus Candida parapsilosis. Firstly, photoelectrocatalytic reactors coupled with ozonation process were developed and for this, Yellow Acid 1 and Methylene Blue dye were used as colorful pollutant models. The best reactor configuration was the one using TiO2 nanotubes as photoanode in tube format with holes, auxiliary electrode made of DSA® with high geometric area, 36 W UVB emission lamp, sintered glass bubbler and 2,0 V applied voltage in the photoelectrocatalytic system. The reactor usage shows 100% removal of 3-benzophenone after 20 min treatment of solution containing 30.0 mg L−1 in 0.01 mol L−1 of sodium sulfate under UVB radiation, 2,0 V applied voltage and 3.85x10-4 mol min−1 O3 flow rate. The results indicate the removal of total organic carbon reach 90% after 120 minutes treatment. Likewise, the technique reached 100% of inactivation of 1.0x106 CFU mL−1 of Candida parapsilosis after 45 min treatment and more than 90% TOC removal after 120 min. Urea solutions up to 20.0 mgL−1 did not interfered in sunscreen degradation, and 50% of urea is removed after 120 min treatment in these experimental conditions. The method was successfully applied in swimming pool water fortified with 10.0 mgL−1 of benzophenone-3, urea and Candida parapsilosis, observing sunscreen total degradation even when monitored with LC-MS/MS with lower detection level, 90% TOC removal and fully fungal inactivation.
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Fotoeletrocatálise acoplada a ozonização, Degradação de filtros solares, Métodos de tratamento, Desinfecção de água de piscina