Uso de ácido hialurônico associado ao plasma rico em plaquetas na regeneração de defeitos do disco articular e da superfície osteocondral causados pela osteoartrite na ATM
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Data
2018-02-07
Autores
Ankha, Milagros del Valle El Abras [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudos anteriores sugerem que o ácido hialurônico (AH) e o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) têm potencial para melhorar o processo de cicatrização da cartilagem e diminuir a progressão da osteoartrite. No entanto, poucas pesquisas avaliam seu efeito sinérgico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do AH associado ao PRP na regeneração do disco articular e da superfície osteocondral da articulação temporomandibular (ATM). A osteoartrite será induzida por meio da perfuração bilateral do disco articular de coelhos. Quarenta coelhos foram divididos em 4 grupos, conforme o procedimento: sem lesão(SL)/sem tratamento(ST) (n=4), lesão(L)/sem tratamento (ST) (n=12), L/AH (n=12), L/AH+PRP (n=12). Quatro coelhos do grupo SL/ST foram eutanasiados no tempo zero. Após 8 e 24 semanas da perfuração dos discos articulares, seis coelhos dos grupos L/ST, L/AH e L/AH+PRP foram eutanasiados. O disco articular foi avaliado radiograficamente para visualizar possíveis calcificações. Foi realizada análise macroscópica e histológica do disco e do côndilo mandibular. Foi utilizada a análise histoquímica por Picrosirius Red para avaliar a presença de colágeno I e III e a análise imuno-histoquímica do colágeno I e II. As porcentagens de marcação obtidas nas análises histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica foram avaliadas estatisticamente, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Macroscopicamente, o disco articular nos grupos tratados apresentou, na maioria dos espécimes, preenchimento parcial ou total do defeito criado. Os côndilos apresentaram, na maioria dos espécimes, irregularidade da superfície osteocondral. Radiograficamente, após 24 semanas da perfuração do disco, focos de radiopacidade foram observados nos grupos não tratados e em alguns dos espécimes dos tratados. Na análise histológica foi confirmada a presença de material mineralizado, próximo e distante da perfuração, além de diminuição da celularidade e fibrose. Na análise histoquímica, a porcentagem de colágeno I prevaleceu com relação ao colágeno III, tanto no disco quanto no côndilo, independentemente do grupo e período avaliado. Entretanto, no disco não houve diferença estatística significativa. No côndilo, L/AH e L/AH+PRP nos períodos de 8 e 24 semanas apresentaram uma porcentagem de colágeno I significativamente maior que L/ST (p<0,05). A expressão imuno-histoquímica de colágeno I e II no disco não apresentou diferença estatística significante. No côndilo, a expressão do colágeno I apresentou diferença significativa entre os 9 grupos (p=0,00) e os períodos (p=0,05). O grupo L/AH+PRP de 24 semanas apresentou maior porcentagem de marcação positiva para colágeno I, que era diferente dos grupos SL/ST e L/ST, porém sem diferença estatística com relação ao L/AH. Em conclusão, os tratamentos da osteoartrite com AH ou PRP associado ao AH mostram resultados promissores, ajudando na redução do defeito criado no disco, porém, sem resultados satisfatórios como protetores da superfície osteocondral, na presença de perfuração discal.
Previous studies have suggested that hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have the potential to improve the healing process of cartilage and decrease the progression of osteoarthritis. However, few studies have evaluated their synergistic effect. This study aims at evaluating the effect of HA associated with PRP on the regeneration of the articular disc and the osteochondral surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Osteoarthritis was induced by means of bilateral perforation of the articular disc of rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into 4 groups, according to the procedure: without lesion (WL)/without treatment (WT) (n = 4), lesion (L)/without treatment (WT) (n = 12), L/HA (n = 12), L/ HA+PRP (n = 12). Four rabbits from group G1 were euthanized at time zero. After 8 and 24 weeks of joint disc perforation, six rabbits from groups L/WT, L/HA and L/HA+PRP were euthanized. The articular disc was evaluated radiographically to visualize possible calcifications. Macroscopic and histological analysis of the disc and the mandibular condyle were performed. The histochemical analysis by Picrosirius Red was used to evaluate the presence of collagen I and III, as well as the immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of collagen I and II. The percentages of staining obtained from the histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis were statistically evaluated, adopting the significance level of 5%. Macroscopically, the articular disc in the treated groups presented in most of the specimens partial or total filling of the defect created. The condyles presented, in most of the specimens, degeneration of the osteochondral surface. Radiographically, after 24 weeks of disc perforation, foci of radiopacity were observed in the untreated and in some of the specimens of treated groups. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of mineralized material, close and distant to perforation, as well as decreased cellularity and fibrosis. In the histochemical analysis, the percentage of collagen I prevailed in both disc and condyle, independently of the group and period evaluated. However, in the disc there was not statistical difference. In the condyle, L/HA and L/HA+PRP in the periods of 8 and 24 weeks presented a percentage of collagen I significantly higher than L/WT (p <0.05). The expression of collagen I and II in the disc did not present significant statistical difference. In the condyle, the expression of collagen I was statistically different between the groups (p = 0.00) and the periods (p = 0.05). The 24-week L/HA+PRP group had a higher percentage of positive marking for collagen I, which was different from the WL/WT and L/WT groups, but with no statistical difference with respect to L/HA. In conclusion, the treatment of osteoarthritis with HA or PRP associated with HA shows promising results, helping to reduce the defect created in the disc, but without satisfactory results as protectors of the osteochondral surface, in the presence of perforation of the disc.
Previous studies have suggested that hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have the potential to improve the healing process of cartilage and decrease the progression of osteoarthritis. However, few studies have evaluated their synergistic effect. This study aims at evaluating the effect of HA associated with PRP on the regeneration of the articular disc and the osteochondral surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Osteoarthritis was induced by means of bilateral perforation of the articular disc of rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into 4 groups, according to the procedure: without lesion (WL)/without treatment (WT) (n = 4), lesion (L)/without treatment (WT) (n = 12), L/HA (n = 12), L/ HA+PRP (n = 12). Four rabbits from group G1 were euthanized at time zero. After 8 and 24 weeks of joint disc perforation, six rabbits from groups L/WT, L/HA and L/HA+PRP were euthanized. The articular disc was evaluated radiographically to visualize possible calcifications. Macroscopic and histological analysis of the disc and the mandibular condyle were performed. The histochemical analysis by Picrosirius Red was used to evaluate the presence of collagen I and III, as well as the immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of collagen I and II. The percentages of staining obtained from the histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis were statistically evaluated, adopting the significance level of 5%. Macroscopically, the articular disc in the treated groups presented in most of the specimens partial or total filling of the defect created. The condyles presented, in most of the specimens, degeneration of the osteochondral surface. Radiographically, after 24 weeks of disc perforation, foci of radiopacity were observed in the untreated and in some of the specimens of treated groups. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of mineralized material, close and distant to perforation, as well as decreased cellularity and fibrosis. In the histochemical analysis, the percentage of collagen I prevailed in both disc and condyle, independently of the group and period evaluated. However, in the disc there was not statistical difference. In the condyle, L/HA and L/HA+PRP in the periods of 8 and 24 weeks presented a percentage of collagen I significantly higher than L/WT (p <0.05). The expression of collagen I and II in the disc did not present significant statistical difference. In the condyle, the expression of collagen I was statistically different between the groups (p = 0.00) and the periods (p = 0.05). The 24-week L/HA+PRP group had a higher percentage of positive marking for collagen I, which was different from the WL/WT and L/WT groups, but with no statistical difference with respect to L/HA. In conclusion, the treatment of osteoarthritis with HA or PRP associated with HA shows promising results, helping to reduce the defect created in the disc, but without satisfactory results as protectors of the osteochondral surface, in the presence of perforation of the disc.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
osteoartrite, Disfunação temporomandibular, Regeneração tecidual, Plasma rico em plaquetas, Ácido hialurônico, Osteoarthritis, Temporomandibular dysfunction, Tissue regeneration, Platelet rich plasma, Hyaluronic acid