Torneamento da super liga inconel 718 com o uso de diferentes condições de lubrirefrigeração
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Gama, Renann Pereira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento das exigências mundiais por melhores produtos e a crescente competição entre empresas no mercado globalizado aumenta a busca por processos que garantam menores custos aliados a grande produtividade e produto de alta qualidade. Assim o grande desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico tem aumentado a pesquisa em processos de usinagem que promovam, por exemplo, alto desempenho no que diz respeito à remoção de material, menor avaria e desgaste da ferramenta e menores impactos ao meio ambiente. Em relação às superligas a base de níquel, as mesmas têm um papel importante nas indústrias aeronáutica, automobilística, petróleo e gás dentre outras. A superliga a base de níquel estudada nesta tese foi a Inconel 718, material de difícil usinagem que possui alta resistência mecânica e à corrosão em temperaturas elevadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da formação do cavaco em relação aos diversos parâmetros de usinagem buscando correlacionar deformação e acabamento superficial e ainda estudar a influência da aplicação do fluido de corte comparando o método de Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação (MQL) com a Lubrificação Abundante, a fim de alcançar alto desempenho e melhorias no torneamento cilíndrico externo desta liga. A liga foi torneada utilizando-se diversos parâmetros de usinagem: velocidades de corte (90, 120 e 150 m/min), avanço (0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mm/rot), profundidade (0,5 mm), MQL, Lubrificação Abundante e ferramenta de metal duro com recobrimento (TiAlN). Analisou-se a formação de cavacos, a rugosidade do material, o volume de material removido, o comprimento usinado e potência. Foram realizadas ainda análises macroestruturais e de tempo de vida das ferramentas utilizadas a fim de se detectar possíveis desgastes, bem como análises microestruturais dos cavacos, ferramentas e peça usinada por meio da microscopia óptica, da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). Neste trabalho foi possível associar o comportamento da potência do equipamento com o desgaste apresentado na ferramenta, bem como o efeito da temperatura no desgaste e precipitação de fases da liga e seu impacto na formação do cavaco e deformação do mesmo. De modo geral o melhor conjunto de parâmetros para a usinagem foi a velocidade de corte de 90 m/min e avanço de 0,15 mm/rot com lubrificação abundante por apresentar melhor resultado e maior estabilidade durante os ensaios.
The increase in global demands for better products and increasing competition between companies in the global market increases the search for processes that ensure lower costs combined with high productivity and high quality product. Thus the great industrial and technological development has increased the research in machining processes that promote, for example, high performance with regard to the removal of material, less failure and wear of the tools and less impact to the environment. In relation to nickel-based superalloys, they have an important role in the aeronautics, automobile, oil and gas industries, among others. The nickelbased superalloy studied in this thesis was Inconel 718, a difficult machining material with high mechanical strength and corrosion at high temperatures. The objective of this work is the study of the formation of the chip in relation to the various machining parameters in order to correlate deformation and surface finishing and also to study the influence of the application of the cutting fluid comparing the method of Minimum Quantity of Lubrication (MQL) with Abundant Lubrication in order to achieve high performance and improvement in the external cylindrical turning this alloy. The alloy was machined with different cutting parameters (90, 120 and 150 m/min), feed rate (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mm/rot), depth (0.5 mm), MQL, Abundant Lubrication and coated carbide tools (TiAlN). The formation of chips, the roughness of the material, the volume of material removed, the machined length and power were analyzed. In addition, macrostructural and life-time analyzes of the tools used were performed to detect possible wear, as well as microstructural analyzes of the chips, tools and workpiece using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In this work it was possible to associate the behavior of the power of the equipment with the wear presented in the tool, as well as the effect of the temperature on the wear and precipitation of phases of the alloy and its impact on the formation of the chip and deformation of the same. In general, the best set of parameters for the machining was the cutting speed of 90 m/min and feed rate of 0.15 mm/rot with abundant lubrication per to present better results and greater stability during the tests
The increase in global demands for better products and increasing competition between companies in the global market increases the search for processes that ensure lower costs combined with high productivity and high quality product. Thus the great industrial and technological development has increased the research in machining processes that promote, for example, high performance with regard to the removal of material, less failure and wear of the tools and less impact to the environment. In relation to nickel-based superalloys, they have an important role in the aeronautics, automobile, oil and gas industries, among others. The nickelbased superalloy studied in this thesis was Inconel 718, a difficult machining material with high mechanical strength and corrosion at high temperatures. The objective of this work is the study of the formation of the chip in relation to the various machining parameters in order to correlate deformation and surface finishing and also to study the influence of the application of the cutting fluid comparing the method of Minimum Quantity of Lubrication (MQL) with Abundant Lubrication in order to achieve high performance and improvement in the external cylindrical turning this alloy. The alloy was machined with different cutting parameters (90, 120 and 150 m/min), feed rate (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mm/rot), depth (0.5 mm), MQL, Abundant Lubrication and coated carbide tools (TiAlN). The formation of chips, the roughness of the material, the volume of material removed, the machined length and power were analyzed. In addition, macrostructural and life-time analyzes of the tools used were performed to detect possible wear, as well as microstructural analyzes of the chips, tools and workpiece using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In this work it was possible to associate the behavior of the power of the equipment with the wear presented in the tool, as well as the effect of the temperature on the wear and precipitation of phases of the alloy and its impact on the formation of the chip and deformation of the same. In general, the best set of parameters for the machining was the cutting speed of 90 m/min and feed rate of 0.15 mm/rot with abundant lubrication per to present better results and greater stability during the tests
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Usinagem, Superligas de níquel, Lubrificação, Desgaste de flanco, Caracterização de cavacos, Torneamento, Machining, Nickel superalloys, Lubrication, Chip characterization, Turning