O dano existencial na jurisprudência trabalhista brasileira e a necessidade de harmonização de políticas públicas labor-ambientais para o seu enfrentamento
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Data
2018-03-22
Autores
Sabongi, Camila Martinelli
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entende-se por dano existencial a lesão ao complexo de relações que possibilitam o desenvolvimento ordinário da personalidade do indivíduo, abrangendo a ordem pessoal ou a ordem social. Trata-se de uma modalidade de dano extrapatrimonial capaz de atingir diversos setores distintos da vivência social humana. À guisa de exemplo, em caso de violação do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente do trabalho equilibrado (art. 225; art. 200, VIII; CF) capaz de comprometer a incolumidade biopsicossocial humana, sofre o trabalhador consideráveis danos, não apenas materiais, mas também imateriais, dentre os quais se encontra o dano existencial. O objetivo da presente investigação é analisar o instituto do dano existencial no contexto laboral, seu entendimento doutrinário e jurisprudencial, especialmente em casos de desrespeito às políticas públicas labor-ambientais. Trata-se de uma abordagem multimetodológica, quantitativa e qualitativa, diante da adoção do método de levantamento por meio da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, visando ao aprofundamento do conceito, dos elementos caracterizadores do instituto em investigação e sua relação com os principais elementos das políticas de saúde labor-ambientais (Decreto nº 7.602/2011); e da técnica de pesquisa jurisprudencial, visando ao levantamento da frequência de ocorrência de julgados sobre o tema junto aos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho e ao Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, bem como o modo como o dano existencial tem sido abordado pelo Poder Judiciário trabalhista. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos métodos indutivo e de análise de conteúdo. Buscou-se, com a investigação proposta, produzir conhecimento capaz de colaborar tanto para a aplicação prática como para o desenvolvimento teórico do instituto do dano existencial, examinando a noção de dano existencial relacionado às políticas públicas labor-ambientais e a abordagem empregada pelos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho e Tribunal Superior do Trabalho nesses casos. (FAPESP).
Existential damage is understood as an injury to the person relationship complex that enable the ordinary development of the individual’s personality, encompassing the personal and social order; it is an immaterial modality of damage capable of reaching several sectors of human social experience. For example, in case of violation of the fundamental right to a well-balanced work environment (articles 225, 200, VIII, CF) capable of compromising the human biopsychosocial safety, the worker suffers considerable damages, not only material but also immaterial, among which existential damage is found. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the institute of existential damage in the labor context, its doctrinal understanding and jurisprudential application, especially in cases of violation of labor-environmental regulations. It was a multi-methodological approach, quantitative and qualitative, adopting the bibliographic research technique, intending to set up an existential damage concept through the analyses of its characterizing elements and its relation with the labor-environmental regulation (Decree 7602/2011); also adopting the jurisprudential research technique, aiming to survey the frequency of occurrence of judgments on the subject in Regional Labor Courts and in the Superior Labor Court, delineating how the existential damage has been approached by the Labor Judiciary. The collected data was analyzed through the inductive and content analysis methods. It was pursuit, with the proposed research, to produce knowledge capable of collaborating both for the practical application and for the theoretical development of the existential damage institute, examining the notion of existential damage related to labor-environmental public policies and the approach employed by the Regional Labor Courts and the Superior Labor Court in these cases. (FAPESP).
Existential damage is understood as an injury to the person relationship complex that enable the ordinary development of the individual’s personality, encompassing the personal and social order; it is an immaterial modality of damage capable of reaching several sectors of human social experience. For example, in case of violation of the fundamental right to a well-balanced work environment (articles 225, 200, VIII, CF) capable of compromising the human biopsychosocial safety, the worker suffers considerable damages, not only material but also immaterial, among which existential damage is found. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the institute of existential damage in the labor context, its doctrinal understanding and jurisprudential application, especially in cases of violation of labor-environmental regulations. It was a multi-methodological approach, quantitative and qualitative, adopting the bibliographic research technique, intending to set up an existential damage concept through the analyses of its characterizing elements and its relation with the labor-environmental regulation (Decree 7602/2011); also adopting the jurisprudential research technique, aiming to survey the frequency of occurrence of judgments on the subject in Regional Labor Courts and in the Superior Labor Court, delineating how the existential damage has been approached by the Labor Judiciary. The collected data was analyzed through the inductive and content analysis methods. It was pursuit, with the proposed research, to produce knowledge capable of collaborating both for the practical application and for the theoretical development of the existential damage institute, examining the notion of existential damage related to labor-environmental public policies and the approach employed by the Regional Labor Courts and the Superior Labor Court in these cases. (FAPESP).
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Palavras-chave
Direito do trabalho, Dano existencial, Meio ambiente do trabalho, Saúde, Políticas Públicas, labour law, existential damage, labour environment, health, public regulation