Avaliação do pH e atividade antimicrobiana/antibiofilme de novas medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio associadas a óleos essenciais
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Data
2018-03-28
Autores
Vital, Patrícia Conde [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Micro-organismos resistentes dificultam a atuação de medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Óleos essenciais podem ser usados para aumentar a atividade antimicrobiana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o pH e atividade antimicrobiana/antibiofilme de medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) associadas aos óleos essenciais, Lemongrass e Thyme, em comparação às associações com clorexidina (CLX) e paramonoclorofenol canforado (PMCC). As medicações intracanal (MICs) avaliadas foram: Calen® + Lemongrass (HC-LE), Calen® + Thyme (HC-TH), Calen® (HC), Calen PMCC® (HC-PMCC) e Calen® + CLX (HC-CLX.) O estudo foi dividido em duas publicações. Publicação 1- avaliou o pH e a atividade antibacteriana sobre Enterococcus faecalis. O pH foi avaliado nos períodos de 12 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A efetividade antibacteriana foi avaliada após contaminação por 21 dias dos canais radiculares de dentes humanos extraídos. Foram realizadas 3 coletas para a contagem de UFC mL-1 : C1- após contaminação, C2- após 7 dias com MICs e C3- após 7 dias da remoção das MICs. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatisticos de ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (α=0,05). Maior pH ocorreu nos períodos iniciais (12 h - 7 dias). Todas as MICs promoveram pH alcalino sem diferença entre elas (p<0,05). Todas as MICs avaliadas demonstraram atividade antibacteriana. No entanto, associações aos óleos essenciais demonstraram menor contagem bacteriana de proximadamente 10,57% em comparação ao controle positivo (sem MIC). Publicação 2- avaliou a capacidade de difusão de íons hidroxila e a atividade antibiofilme sobre E. faecalis. A difusão de íons hidroxila em dentina bovina foi avaliada após preenchimento de canais radiculares com as MICs e mensuração do pH nos períodos de 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A avaliação da atividade antibiofilme foi realizada por meio do teste de contato direto sobre E. faecalis utilizando blocos de dentina radicular bovina. A análise foi realizada pela contagem de UFC mL-1 . Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio dos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α=0,05). HC-PMCC apresentou maior pH no período de 1 dia que as demais MICs (p<0,05). A partir de 14 dias, as MICs não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa entre elas (p>0,05). Todas as MICs promoveram diminuição da contagem bacteriana sobre biofilme de E. faecalis em comparação ao controle positivo, com destaque para as associações com LE e TH que mostraram maior redução (p<0,0001). Conclui-se que a adição dos óleos essenciais Lemongrass e Thyme mantem o pH alcalino do HC (Calen®), sendo similar às associações com CLX e PMCC e promove maior efetividade antibacteriana ex vivo contra E. faecalis. Os óleos essenciais não impedem a capacidade de difusão de íons hidroxila das MICs à base de HC, mantendo o pH alcalino e são capazes de atuar sobre biofilme de E. faecalis.
Resistant microorganisms make it difficult the activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide-based medications. Essential oils can be used to increase their antimicrobial effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pH and antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide (CH) - based medications associated with essential oils, Lemongrass and Thyme, in comparison to combinations with chlorhexidine (CHX) and camphorated monoparachlorophenol (CMCP). The intracanal medications (IMs) evaluated were: Calen® + Lemongrass (CH-LE), Calen® + Thyme (CH-TH), Calen® (CH), Calen CMCP® (CHCMCP) and Calen® + CHX (CH-CHX). The study was divided into two publications. Publication 1- aims to evaluate the pH and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The pH was evaluated in the periods of 12 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated after contamination for 21 days of the root canals of extracted human teeth. Three samples were performed for counting of CFU mL-1 : S1- after contamination, S2- after 7 days with IMs, and S3- after 7 days of removal of IMs. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (α=0.05). Higher pH occurred in the initial periods (12 h - 7 days). All IMs promoted alkaline pH with no difference between them (p<0.05). All IMs showed antibacterial activity. However, associations to essential oils showed lower bacterial counts about 10.57% in comparison to positive control (without IM). Publication 2- aims to evaluate the diffusion capacity of hydroxyl ions and the antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis. The diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the bovine dentin was evaluated after root canal filling with IMs and pH measurement at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The evaluation of the antibiofilm activity was performed by direct contact test on E. faecalis biofilm formed on bovine root dentin blocks. The analysis was performed by counting of CFU mL-1 . Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). CH-CMCP showed higher pH in 1 day than the other IMs (p<0.05). From 14 days, IMs did not present a significant statistical difference between them (p>0.05). All IMs were able to decrease the bacterial count on E. faecalis biofilm (p>0.05) compared to positive control, with emphasis on LE and TH associations (p<0.0001). It is concluded that the addition of Lemongrass and Thyme essential oils maintains the alkaline pH of CH (Calen®), being similar to CHX and CMCP associations and exhibiting ex vivo antibacterial effectiveness against E. faecalis. The essential oils do not interfere with the diffusion capacity of hydroxyl ion from intracanal CH-based medications, maintaining alkaline pH and they have an effect on E. faecalis biofilms.
Resistant microorganisms make it difficult the activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide-based medications. Essential oils can be used to increase their antimicrobial effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pH and antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide (CH) - based medications associated with essential oils, Lemongrass and Thyme, in comparison to combinations with chlorhexidine (CHX) and camphorated monoparachlorophenol (CMCP). The intracanal medications (IMs) evaluated were: Calen® + Lemongrass (CH-LE), Calen® + Thyme (CH-TH), Calen® (CH), Calen CMCP® (CHCMCP) and Calen® + CHX (CH-CHX). The study was divided into two publications. Publication 1- aims to evaluate the pH and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The pH was evaluated in the periods of 12 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated after contamination for 21 days of the root canals of extracted human teeth. Three samples were performed for counting of CFU mL-1 : S1- after contamination, S2- after 7 days with IMs, and S3- after 7 days of removal of IMs. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (α=0.05). Higher pH occurred in the initial periods (12 h - 7 days). All IMs promoted alkaline pH with no difference between them (p<0.05). All IMs showed antibacterial activity. However, associations to essential oils showed lower bacterial counts about 10.57% in comparison to positive control (without IM). Publication 2- aims to evaluate the diffusion capacity of hydroxyl ions and the antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis. The diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the bovine dentin was evaluated after root canal filling with IMs and pH measurement at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The evaluation of the antibiofilm activity was performed by direct contact test on E. faecalis biofilm formed on bovine root dentin blocks. The analysis was performed by counting of CFU mL-1 . Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). CH-CMCP showed higher pH in 1 day than the other IMs (p<0.05). From 14 days, IMs did not present a significant statistical difference between them (p>0.05). All IMs were able to decrease the bacterial count on E. faecalis biofilm (p>0.05) compared to positive control, with emphasis on LE and TH associations (p<0.0001). It is concluded that the addition of Lemongrass and Thyme essential oils maintains the alkaline pH of CH (Calen®), being similar to CHX and CMCP associations and exhibiting ex vivo antibacterial effectiveness against E. faecalis. The essential oils do not interfere with the diffusion capacity of hydroxyl ion from intracanal CH-based medications, maintaining alkaline pH and they have an effect on E. faecalis biofilms.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise microbiológica, Hidróxido de cálcio, Óleos voláteis, Microbiological analysis, Calcium hydroxide, Oils volatile