Biogeografia da saúde: distribuição espacial dos vetores e o complexo patogênico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana
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Data
2018-03-29
Autores
Casagrande, Baltazar
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Esta tese apresenta uma contribuição para o entendimento da produção social da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA). Particularmente, a tese aborda questões concernentes à trajetória das doenças vetoriais, como as leishmanioses, que possam estar sendo transformadas com a supressão de áreas florestadas pela expansão da monocultura da cana-de-açúcar, neste caso com destaque para o problema da LTA, que tem como vetor os flebótomos. Objetivo: O objetivo geral foi estabelecer relações entre a diversidade, a distribuição espacial de flebotomíneos, a produção do Espaço Geográfico e a saúde da população, caracterizando o Complexo Patogênico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. Metodologia: Sendo assim, utilizamos os conhecimentos geográficos de Biogeografia, revisão de literatura, tanto sistemática quanto narrativa, levantamentos de campo e trabalhos laboratoriais e análises estatísticas. Resultados: Foram realizados no total 30 levantamentos de campo e capturados 2171 exemplares de flebotomíneos distribuídos entre os Fragmentos da Estação Ecológica do Mico-Leão-Preto, Água Sumida, 72 exemplares com sete espécies diferentes e Ponte Branca, 52 exemplares com 11 espécies diferentes e no estreito de baixo do Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo, 2044 exemplares com 13 espécies diferentes. Em todos dos casos apresenta maior diversidade em áreas preservadas e menor diversidade em áreas colonizadas. Foram mapeados diferentes meios geográficos coexistindo a área em questão, sendo eles áreas florestais (meio natural), passando por área rural com assentamentos de reforma agrária e fazendas de pecuária extensiva (meio técnico), além de fazendas de agricultura canavieira (meio técnico científico-informacional). Discussões: É evidente que a atividade do cultivo da lavoura canavieira modificou o perfil epidemiológico da LTA na região do Pontal do Paranapanema entendido a partir de um Complexo Patogênico. Isso porque a implantação da atividade canavieira dá novos rumos ao modelo de cultivo no campo e isso interfere na dinâmica ecológica desta doença afetando a população local. Assim, esse estudo resultou em uma nova caracterização da área de estudo, espacialização dos vetores na região, no estabelecimento do Complexo Patogênico da LTA e na delimitação de um campo de pesquisa denominado de “Biogeografia da Saúde”. Conclusão: Esses resultados contribuem para a evolução dos conhecimentos geográficos, formação dos alunos de geografia e também para o fortalecimento da vigilância em saúde.
Introduction: This thesis presents a contribution to the understanding of the social production of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Particularly, the thesis deals with questions concerning the trajectory of vector diseases, such as leishmaniasis, that may be being transformed by the suppression of forested areas by the expansion of sugarcane monoculture, in this case highlighting the ACL problem, which has as vector the sandflies. Objective: The general objective was to establish relationships between diversity, spatial distribution of sandflies, production of Geographic Space and population health, characterizing the Pathogenic Complex of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Methodology: Thus, we use the geographical knowledge of Biogeography, literature review, both systematic and narrative, field surveys and laboratory work and statistical analysis. Results: A total of 30 field surveys were carried out and 2171 specimens of sandflies were distributed among the fragments of the Mico-Leão-Preto Ecological Station, Água Sumida, 72 specimens with seven different species and Ponte Branca, 52 specimens with 11 different species and in the lower strait of Morro do Diabo State Park, 2044 specimens with 13 different species. In all cases it presents greater diversity in preserved areas and less diversity in colonized areas. Different geographic environments were coexisting with the area in question, being forest areas (natural environment), passing through rural areas with agrarian reform settlements and extensive cattle ranches (technical environment), as well as sugar cane agriculture farms (scientific-informational). Discussion: It is evident that the sugarcane cultivation activity modified the epidemiological profile of ACL in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, understood from a Pathogenic Complex. This is because the implantation of the sugar cane activity gives new directions to the model of cultivation in the field and this interferes in the ecological dynamics of this disease affecting the local population. Thus, this study resulted in a new characterization of the study area, spatialization of the vectors in the region, in the establishment of the ACL Pathogenic Complex and in the delimitation of a research field called "Biogeography of Health". Conclusion: These results contribute to the evolution of geographic knowledge, the training of geography students and also to the strengthening of health surveillance.
Introduction: This thesis presents a contribution to the understanding of the social production of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Particularly, the thesis deals with questions concerning the trajectory of vector diseases, such as leishmaniasis, that may be being transformed by the suppression of forested areas by the expansion of sugarcane monoculture, in this case highlighting the ACL problem, which has as vector the sandflies. Objective: The general objective was to establish relationships between diversity, spatial distribution of sandflies, production of Geographic Space and population health, characterizing the Pathogenic Complex of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Methodology: Thus, we use the geographical knowledge of Biogeography, literature review, both systematic and narrative, field surveys and laboratory work and statistical analysis. Results: A total of 30 field surveys were carried out and 2171 specimens of sandflies were distributed among the fragments of the Mico-Leão-Preto Ecological Station, Água Sumida, 72 specimens with seven different species and Ponte Branca, 52 specimens with 11 different species and in the lower strait of Morro do Diabo State Park, 2044 specimens with 13 different species. In all cases it presents greater diversity in preserved areas and less diversity in colonized areas. Different geographic environments were coexisting with the area in question, being forest areas (natural environment), passing through rural areas with agrarian reform settlements and extensive cattle ranches (technical environment), as well as sugar cane agriculture farms (scientific-informational). Discussion: It is evident that the sugarcane cultivation activity modified the epidemiological profile of ACL in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, understood from a Pathogenic Complex. This is because the implantation of the sugar cane activity gives new directions to the model of cultivation in the field and this interferes in the ecological dynamics of this disease affecting the local population. Thus, this study resulted in a new characterization of the study area, spatialization of the vectors in the region, in the establishment of the ACL Pathogenic Complex and in the delimitation of a research field called "Biogeography of Health". Conclusion: These results contribute to the evolution of geographic knowledge, the training of geography students and also to the strengthening of health surveillance.
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Geografia, Biogeografia da saúde, Sociedade e natureza, Complexo patogênico, Leishmaniose tegumentar americana, Geography, Health biogeography, Society and nature, Pathogenic complex, American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL)