Educação ambiental, consumo e resíduos sólidos no contexto da educação infantil: um diálogo necessário com os professores
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Data
2018-04-16
Autores
Freitas, Natália Teixeira Ananias
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa “Educação Ambiental, Consumo e Resíduos Sólidos no contexto da Educação Infantil: um diálogo necessário com os professores” foi realizada junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP, Campus de Presidente Prudente/SP. Teve como motivação central a Educação Ambiental em Resíduos Sólidos para a formação das crianças na Educação Infantil. É fundamental valorizar o local em que a criança está inserida e proporcionar vivências que levem à aquisição de valores, saberes e atitudes voltadas para a conservação do ambiente. Para tanto, é necessário investir na formação profissional. O objetivo geral foi analisar como ocorre a Educação Ambiental em Resíduos Sólidos no contexto da Educação Infantil (pré-escola) no município de Presidente Prudente-SP, a partir da formação, concepções e práticas pedagógicas das professoras. Os objetivos específicos foram: discutir o Consumo e os Resíduos Sólidos/lixo; refletir sobre a Educação Ambiental e a formação de professores, com ênfase na Educação Ambiental em Resíduos Sólidos na Educação Infantil; identificar quais eram as diretrizes oferecidas pelo Sistema Municipal de Educação de Presidente Prudente (SP), que subsidiavam os trabalhos de Educação Ambiental na Educação Infantil; investigar como estava sendo realizada a formação dos professores sobre Educação Ambiental pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SEDUC) e analisar as concepções e práticas das professoras nas Escolas Municipais de Educação Infantil (préescola). A metodologia utilizada foi a abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de caso. Foram selecionadas 10 escolas, duas de cada região da cidade. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada com três membros da Equipe Gestora de Educação Infantil da SEDUC e 10 professoras de pré-escola. Os trabalhos de Educação Ambiental possuem respaldo das “Diretrizes Pedagógicas para a Educação Ambiental da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Presidente Prudente” que apontam discussões interdisciplinares, críticas das questões ambientais e sugerem o trabalho nas questões comportamentais. São oferecidas apenas capacitações aos diretores e coordenadores das escolas que depois fazem reuniões com os professores durante a HTPC. A Educação Ambiental foi concebida pelas professoras principalmente pelo viés da Conscientização Ambiental e da abordagem das relações da criança com o meio em que vive. A palavra que mais se destacou na fala das professoras foi a reciclagem, com atividades de descarte seletivo em detrimento da abordagem dos Resíduos a partir da ideia de ciclo. A maioria das professoras compreendeu a distinção entre consumo e consumismo. Os objetivos que orientaram as práticas dizem respeito à conscientização, a formação do pensamento crítico, ao cuidado, ao uso consciente dos recursos naturais e a novas atitudes. Entre as metodologias constam: a Contação de Histórias, exibição de vídeos, música, elaboração de desenhos e cartazes, pesquisas em revistas, atividades com as famílias, passeios na escola, coleta de materiais da natureza, atividades orais e a construção de brinquedos com materiais recicláveis. Conclui-se que a Educação Ambiental em Resíduos Sólidos pode ser realizada na Educação Infantil a partir de situações cotidianas e de atividades adequadas às possibilidades de compreensão das crianças, atreladas a uma formação crítica e a prática dos professores.
The research entitled "Environmental Education, Consumption and Solid Waste in the context of Early Childhood Education: a necessary dialogue with teachers" was carried out with the Graduate Program in Education of FCT / UNESP, Presidente Prudente / SP. It had Environmental Education in Solid Waste as its central motivation for children in Early Childhood Education. It is essential to value the place where the child is inserted and provide them with experiences that lead to the acquisition of values, knowledge and attitudes aimed at the conservation of the environment. For this, it is necessary to invest on vocational training. The general objective was to analyze how Environmental Education in Solid Waste is held in the context of pre-school in the city of Presidente Prudente-SP, based on the teachers' conception, pedagogical conceptions and practices. The specific objectives were: to discuss Consumption and Solid Waste / garbage; to think about Environmental Education and teacher training, with emphasis on Environmental Education in Solid Waste; to identify the guidelines offered by the Municipal Education System of Presidente Prudente (SP), which supported the work of Environmental Education in Early Childhood Education; (SEDUC) and to analyze the conceptions and practices of the teachers in the Municipal Schools of Early Childhood Education (pre-school). The methodology used was the qualitative approach, characterized as a case study. Ten schools were selected, two from each region of the city. The data collection technique was the semi-structured interview with three members of the SEDUC's Early Childhood Management Team and 10 pre-school teachers. The Environmental Education works are supported by the "Pedagogical Guidelines for Environmental Education of the Presidente Prudente Municipal Teaching Network" which point out interdisciplinary discussions, criticisms of environmental issues and suggest work on behavioral issues. Only training is offered to Principals and School Coordinators who then hold meetings with the teachers regularly (HTPC). The Environmental Education was conceived by the teachers mainly by the bias of the Environmental Awareness and the approach of the relationship of the child with the environment in which he/she lives. The word that stood out most in the teachers' speech was recycling, with activities of selective discarding to the detriment of the approach of the Waste from the idea of cycle. Most teachers understood the distinction between consumption and consumerism. The objectives that guide the practices are related to awareness, formation of critical thinking, care, the conscious use of natural resources and new attitudes. Among the methodologies are: Storytelling, videos, music, drawing of posters, research in magazines, activities with families, trips to school, collection of nature materials, oral activities and construction of toys with recyclable materials. It is concluded that Environmental Education in Solid Waste can be carried out in Early Childhood Education based on daily situations and appropriate activities to children's comprehension possibilities, linked to a critical formation and teachers' practice.
The research entitled "Environmental Education, Consumption and Solid Waste in the context of Early Childhood Education: a necessary dialogue with teachers" was carried out with the Graduate Program in Education of FCT / UNESP, Presidente Prudente / SP. It had Environmental Education in Solid Waste as its central motivation for children in Early Childhood Education. It is essential to value the place where the child is inserted and provide them with experiences that lead to the acquisition of values, knowledge and attitudes aimed at the conservation of the environment. For this, it is necessary to invest on vocational training. The general objective was to analyze how Environmental Education in Solid Waste is held in the context of pre-school in the city of Presidente Prudente-SP, based on the teachers' conception, pedagogical conceptions and practices. The specific objectives were: to discuss Consumption and Solid Waste / garbage; to think about Environmental Education and teacher training, with emphasis on Environmental Education in Solid Waste; to identify the guidelines offered by the Municipal Education System of Presidente Prudente (SP), which supported the work of Environmental Education in Early Childhood Education; (SEDUC) and to analyze the conceptions and practices of the teachers in the Municipal Schools of Early Childhood Education (pre-school). The methodology used was the qualitative approach, characterized as a case study. Ten schools were selected, two from each region of the city. The data collection technique was the semi-structured interview with three members of the SEDUC's Early Childhood Management Team and 10 pre-school teachers. The Environmental Education works are supported by the "Pedagogical Guidelines for Environmental Education of the Presidente Prudente Municipal Teaching Network" which point out interdisciplinary discussions, criticisms of environmental issues and suggest work on behavioral issues. Only training is offered to Principals and School Coordinators who then hold meetings with the teachers regularly (HTPC). The Environmental Education was conceived by the teachers mainly by the bias of the Environmental Awareness and the approach of the relationship of the child with the environment in which he/she lives. The word that stood out most in the teachers' speech was recycling, with activities of selective discarding to the detriment of the approach of the Waste from the idea of cycle. Most teachers understood the distinction between consumption and consumerism. The objectives that guide the practices are related to awareness, formation of critical thinking, care, the conscious use of natural resources and new attitudes. Among the methodologies are: Storytelling, videos, music, drawing of posters, research in magazines, activities with families, trips to school, collection of nature materials, oral activities and construction of toys with recyclable materials. It is concluded that Environmental Education in Solid Waste can be carried out in Early Childhood Education based on daily situations and appropriate activities to children's comprehension possibilities, linked to a critical formation and teachers' practice.
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Palavras-chave
Consumo, Resíduos sólidos, Educação ambiental, Educação infantil, Trabalho docente, Consumption, Solid waste, Environmental education, Child education, Teaching work