Aprendizagem de línguas sob a perspectiva da intersubjetividade em contexto de teletandem
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Data
2017-12-18
Autores
Santos, Gerson Rossi dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa consiste em um estudo hermenêutico acerca do desenvolvimento de intersubjetividade em interações entre aprendizes de língua estrangeira, bem como sobre o papel que a intersubjetividade desempenha nesse contexto. Para tanto, visa a definir um continuum epistêmico-metodológico que seja plausível e aplicável à análise da intersubjetividade na aprendizagem de línguas. O processo intersubjetivo é compreendido interdisciplinarmente como uma experiência fenomenológica em que os sujeitos do discurso reconhecem-se e constituem-se mutuamente como tais no exercício de alteridade, de transcendência e de empatia, co-construindo bases referenciais sobre as quais se apoiam para viabilizar e refinar a comunicação entre si e tornarem a interatividade profícua à aprendizagem da língua-meta. Metodologicamente, a investigação situa-se no escopo da produção científica do Projeto Teletandem: a transculturalidade das interações online em língua estrangeira por webcam, um contexto online e multimodal de aprendizagem colaborativa de línguas, em que são estabelecidas parcerias entre falantes de línguas de proficiência diferentes, interessados em aprender a língua um do outro no exercício de autonomia e reciprocidade. O contexto imediato da pesquisa corresponde a uma modalidade de teletandem institucional e integrada (TTDii) cujos participantes são alunos de disciplinas de língua estrangeira em cursos superiores de universidades de países diferentes. Os registros de interações, em áudio e vídeo, são analisados de uma perspectiva qualitativa, bem como sob orientação hermenêutica, com vistas a compreender não apenas o estabelecimento como também o desenvolvimento de intersubjetividade entre os participantes. Entre as categorias levantadas figuram (i) a corporeidade exercitada pelos participantes via webcam, a discursividade que o corpo mobiliza sob essa condição e o trânsito físico dos sujeitos entre diferentes espaços de referência, quer sejam materialmente imediatos ou virtuais; (ii) a historicidade, e, portanto, a temporalidade, da construção dos sujeitos e do desenvolvimento de intersubjetividade entre eles; (iii) a evidência de que o processo intersubjetivo supõe diferentes estágios; (iv) a atenção visual conjunta, que compreende o alinhamento referencial entre indivíduos, via corporeidade; (v) a responsividade, condição que se estabelece quando os sujeitos são capazes de se colocar responsivamente em relação ao enunciado do outro; e (vi) a dinâmica de seleção de tópicos conversacionais, que se revela sensível ao estágio intersubjetivo dos indivíduos, ao mesmo tempo em que produz impacto sobre a qualidade da comunicação. A perspectiva da intersubjetividade pressupõe que uma língua estrangeira seja apreendida em circunstâncias em que os sujeitos se colocam 6 esteticamente perceptíveis um ao outro, bem como mobilizam exercícios de alteridade e transcendência para tangenciar a experiência um do outro, reconhecer extensividades entre si e a ressignificar as próprias experiências a partir de um território recíproco de subjetividade co-construído.
The present research consists of a hermeneutic study on the development of intersubjectivity in interactions between foreign language learners, as well as on the role that intersubjectivity plays in that context. Therefore, it aims to define an epistemic-methodological continuum that is plausible and applicable to the analysis of intersubjectivity in the learning context. The intersubjective process is understood interdisciplinarily as a phenomenological experience in which discourse subjects recognize and constitute each other through the exercise of otherness, transcendence and empathy, co-construct a common framework of reference to rely on, thus refining communication and making interactivity profitable to the learning of the target language. Methodologically, the research falls within the scope of Teletandem: Transculturality and identity in webcam interactions in foreign languages’ project, an online and multimodal context of collaborative language learning, in which partnerships are established between speakers of different proficiency languages, interested in learning each other's language in the exercise of autonomy and reciprocity. The immediate context of the research corresponds to an institutional and integrated variety of teletandem (iiTTD) whose participants are students of foreign language disciplines in undergraduate courses in different countries. The audio-and-video-recorded interactions are analyzed qualitatively from a hermeneutical perspective, in order to shed light not only on the establishment but also on the development of intersubjectivity between the participants. Among the raised categories are (i) the corporeality exercised by the participants via webcam, the discursiveness that the body produces and the physical transit of subjects between different referential spaces, whether materially immediate or virtual; (ii) the historicity, and therefore the temporality, of the subject construction and the development of intersubjectivity between them; (iii) the assumption that the intersubjective process may go through different levels; (iv) joint visual attention, which corresponds to the referential alignment between individuals, via corporeality; (v) responsiveness, a condition that enables subjects to place themselves responsively to the other’s utterance; and (vi) the dynamics of conversation topics selection, which is sensitive to the intersubjective stage between individuals, and at the same time produces impact on the quality of communication. The intersubjectivity perspective assumes that a foreign language is learned in circumstances in which subjects are aesthetically (thus, bodily) perceptible to one another, able to experience otherness and transcendence as they participate in each other’s experience, 8 recognize extensions between each other and re-signify their own experiences from a reciprocal territory of co-constructed subjectivity.
The present research consists of a hermeneutic study on the development of intersubjectivity in interactions between foreign language learners, as well as on the role that intersubjectivity plays in that context. Therefore, it aims to define an epistemic-methodological continuum that is plausible and applicable to the analysis of intersubjectivity in the learning context. The intersubjective process is understood interdisciplinarily as a phenomenological experience in which discourse subjects recognize and constitute each other through the exercise of otherness, transcendence and empathy, co-construct a common framework of reference to rely on, thus refining communication and making interactivity profitable to the learning of the target language. Methodologically, the research falls within the scope of Teletandem: Transculturality and identity in webcam interactions in foreign languages’ project, an online and multimodal context of collaborative language learning, in which partnerships are established between speakers of different proficiency languages, interested in learning each other's language in the exercise of autonomy and reciprocity. The immediate context of the research corresponds to an institutional and integrated variety of teletandem (iiTTD) whose participants are students of foreign language disciplines in undergraduate courses in different countries. The audio-and-video-recorded interactions are analyzed qualitatively from a hermeneutical perspective, in order to shed light not only on the establishment but also on the development of intersubjectivity between the participants. Among the raised categories are (i) the corporeality exercised by the participants via webcam, the discursiveness that the body produces and the physical transit of subjects between different referential spaces, whether materially immediate or virtual; (ii) the historicity, and therefore the temporality, of the subject construction and the development of intersubjectivity between them; (iii) the assumption that the intersubjective process may go through different levels; (iv) joint visual attention, which corresponds to the referential alignment between individuals, via corporeality; (v) responsiveness, a condition that enables subjects to place themselves responsively to the other’s utterance; and (vi) the dynamics of conversation topics selection, which is sensitive to the intersubjective stage between individuals, and at the same time produces impact on the quality of communication. The intersubjectivity perspective assumes that a foreign language is learned in circumstances in which subjects are aesthetically (thus, bodily) perceptible to one another, able to experience otherness and transcendence as they participate in each other’s experience, 8 recognize extensions between each other and re-signify their own experiences from a reciprocal territory of co-constructed subjectivity.
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Palavras-chave
Teletandem, Intersubjetividade, Hermenêutica, Fenomenologia, Dialogismo, Intersubjectivity, Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, Dialogism