Influência da fragmentação florestal na comunidade de ácaros oribatídeos plantícolas (Acari: Oribatida) no noroeste paulista
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Data
2018-07-05
Autores
Silva, Paulo Vittor Parecis
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Mata Atlântica, mesmo sendo um dos principais biomas mundiais quanto ao seu potencial de revelar novas espécies, é pouco estudada no Brasil. Além disso, pouco se sabe a respeito da influência da fragmentação florestal e do impacto da matriz vizinha sobre a comunidade de ácaros oribatídeos plantícolas, visto que, comumente, não são estudados. Assim, com o objetivo de enriquecer o conhecimento taxonômico acerca desses ácaros, foram estudados 18 fragmentos localizados na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. A verificação da influência da fragmentação na distribuição desses artrópodes foi realizada a partir de oito fragmentos (quatro grandes e quatro pequenos). Nesses remanescentes foram selecionados dez indivíduos de Actinostemon communis (Euphorbiaceae) e dez de Trichilia casaretti (Meliaceae), sendo cinco na borda e cinco no interior desses fragmentos. Já a influência das vegetações circundantes sobre a comunidade de ácaros oribatídeos foi avaliada em seis fragmentos vizinhos a três tipos de matrizes (cana-de-açúcar, laranjal e pastagem). Em cada fragmento, foram selecionados e marcados dez indivíduos de A. communis (cinco na borda e cinco no interior). Foram registradas 1.898 ácaros oribatídeos distribuídos em 21 espécies: Allogalumna borhidii, Benoibates bolivianus, Ceratozetes catarinenses, Galumna sp., Galumna similis, Gymnobates sp., Hemileius initialis, Hemileius suramericanus, Mesotritia sp., Mochloribatula sp., Multioppia gracilis, Oribatella szaboi, Oripoda brasiliensis, Oripoda lenkoi, Pheroliodes hammerae, Pirnodus sp., Protoribates sp., Scapheremaeus bisculpturatus, Scheloribates praeincisus, Unguizetes incertus e Unguizetes setiger. Dessas, 15 foram identificadas nominalmente, com 5 novos registros para o estado de São Paulo e um para o Brasil. Dos 17 gêneros registrados, 2 foram encontrados pela primeira vez no Brasil. Além disso, a composição de espécies apresentou uma similaridade de 70% a 90% entre fragmentos de tamanhos semelhantes. As matrizes vizinhas, por sua vez, influenciaram a abundância e a diversidade de espécies, de modo que fragmentos cercados por laranjais apresentaram as maiores abundâncias, enquanto que os remanescentes vizinhos a pastagens tiveram a menor diversidade de espécies. Concluímos, assim, que o tamanho do fragmento e a vegetação que o circunda pode influenciar parâmetros da comunidade de ácaros oribatídeos plantícolas associados. Logo, estudos conduzidos em remanescentes devem ser realizados e estimulados, contribuindo assim para aprimorar as informações sobre ácaros oribatídeos em relação aos ambientes antropizados.
The Atlantic Forest, even being one of the main world biomes in relation to their potential to reveal new species, it is little studied in Brazil. In addition, little is known regarding the influence of forest fragmentation and the impact of neighboring vegetation on the community of plant inhabiting oribatid mites, since they usually are not studied. Thus, with the aim of enriching the taxonomic knowledge about these mites, were studied 18 fragments located in the northwestern region of São Paulo state. The verification of the influence of fragmentation in the distribution of these arthropods was performed on eight fragments (four large and four small). In those remnants were selected ten individuals of Actinostemon communis (Euphorbiaceae) and ten of Trichilia casaretti (Meliaceae), being five on the edge and five in the interior of the fragments. A total of 1,898 oribatid mites were recorded, distributed in 21 species: Allogalumna borhidii, Benoibates bolivianus, Ceratozetes catarinenses, Galumna sp., Galumna similis, Gymnobates sp., Hemileius initialis, Hemileius suramericanus, Mesotritia sp., Mochloribatula sp., Multioppia gracilis, Oribatella szaboi, Oripoda brasiliensis, Oripoda lenkoi, Pheroliodes hammerae, Pirnodus sp., Protoribates sp., Scapheremaeus bisculpturatus, Scheloribates praeincisus, Unguizetes incertus e Unguizetes setiger. Of these, 15 were nominally identified, with 5 new records for the state of São Paulo and one for Brazil. Of the 17 genera registered, 2 were found for the first time in Brazil. In addition, the composition of species showed a similarity of 70% to 90% among fragments of similar sizes. The surrounding matrices, in turn, influenced the abundance and diversity of species, so that fragments surrounded by orangery showed the highest abundances, while the fragments surrounded by pastures had the lowest species diversity. We conclude, therefore, that the size and vegetation that surround the fragments may influence parameters of the community of plant inhabiting oribatid mites associated. Therefore, studies conducted in remnants should be undertaken and encouraged, contributing to improve the information on oribatid mites in relation to anthropized environments.
The Atlantic Forest, even being one of the main world biomes in relation to their potential to reveal new species, it is little studied in Brazil. In addition, little is known regarding the influence of forest fragmentation and the impact of neighboring vegetation on the community of plant inhabiting oribatid mites, since they usually are not studied. Thus, with the aim of enriching the taxonomic knowledge about these mites, were studied 18 fragments located in the northwestern region of São Paulo state. The verification of the influence of fragmentation in the distribution of these arthropods was performed on eight fragments (four large and four small). In those remnants were selected ten individuals of Actinostemon communis (Euphorbiaceae) and ten of Trichilia casaretti (Meliaceae), being five on the edge and five in the interior of the fragments. A total of 1,898 oribatid mites were recorded, distributed in 21 species: Allogalumna borhidii, Benoibates bolivianus, Ceratozetes catarinenses, Galumna sp., Galumna similis, Gymnobates sp., Hemileius initialis, Hemileius suramericanus, Mesotritia sp., Mochloribatula sp., Multioppia gracilis, Oribatella szaboi, Oripoda brasiliensis, Oripoda lenkoi, Pheroliodes hammerae, Pirnodus sp., Protoribates sp., Scapheremaeus bisculpturatus, Scheloribates praeincisus, Unguizetes incertus e Unguizetes setiger. Of these, 15 were nominally identified, with 5 new records for the state of São Paulo and one for Brazil. Of the 17 genera registered, 2 were found for the first time in Brazil. In addition, the composition of species showed a similarity of 70% to 90% among fragments of similar sizes. The surrounding matrices, in turn, influenced the abundance and diversity of species, so that fragments surrounded by orangery showed the highest abundances, while the fragments surrounded by pastures had the lowest species diversity. We conclude, therefore, that the size and vegetation that surround the fragments may influence parameters of the community of plant inhabiting oribatid mites associated. Therefore, studies conducted in remnants should be undertaken and encouraged, contributing to improve the information on oribatid mites in relation to anthropized environments.
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Palavras-chave
Ácaros em plantas, Fragmentação florestal, Mata atlântica, Região neotropical, Biodiversidade, Efeito de borda, Matriz vizinha, Plant mites, Forest fragmentation, Atlantic forest, Neotropical region, Biodiversity, Border effect, Neighboring vegetation