Descobrindo a Topologia: um compêndio de fundamentos teóricos e atividades lúdicas para auxiliar na formalização de conceitos topológicos no Ensino Básico.
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Data
2018-07-31
Autores
Silva, Camila Tolin Santos da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A topologia é um ramo da matemática, sutilmente entrelaçado com a Geometria, de aplicação em diversas áreas do conhecimento, cuja conceituação foi apresentada de forma expressiva nas escolas durante as décadas de 60 e 70, com o movimento educacional conhecido como Matemática Moderna. Através das mudanças curriculares, muitos temas abordados no ensino fundamental e médio foram reestruturados dentro de um conjunto de parâmetros para a organização curricular da base nacional comum, os PCN's, que normatizam a base do ensino e orientam que a matemática deve ser apresentada para o desenvolvimento de habilidades inerentes à resolução de problemas, aquisição de linguagem simbólica, modelagem e interpretação de situações cotidianas, argumentação e aplicação em situações da vida real. Portanto, esse trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de fornecer suporte para o ensino da topologia no ensino básico, através da compilação de fatos históricos, formalização de definições básicas de caráter introdutório como continuidade, espaços métricos, espaços topológicos, entre outros, apresentação de atividades que poderão ser trabalhadas conjuntamente com o ensino da geometria, que de forma lúdica e intuitiva, ajudarão a alicerçar a base para um futuro aprofundamento desses conceitos, auxiliando no desenvolvimento do pensamento topológico.
Topology is a branch of mathematics, subtly intertwined with geometry, of application in several areas of knowledge, whose conceptualization was presented expressively in schools during the 60s and 70s, with the educational movement known as Modern Mathematics. Through the curricular changes, many topics addressed in elementary and secondary education have been restructured within a set of parameters for the curriculum organization of the common national base, the PCNs, that normalize the base of the teaching and guide that the mathematics must be presented for the development of inherent abilities to solve problems, acquisition of symbolic language, modeling and interpretation of everyday situations, argumentation and application in real life situations. Thus, this work was developed with the purpose of providing support for the teaching of topology in basic education, through the compilation of historical facts, formalization of basic de nitions of introductory character such as continuity, metric spaces, topological spaces, among others, presentation of activities which can be worked together with the teaching geometry, which in a playful and intuitive way, will help to lay the foundation for a future deepening of these concepts, aiding in the development of topological thinking.
Topology is a branch of mathematics, subtly intertwined with geometry, of application in several areas of knowledge, whose conceptualization was presented expressively in schools during the 60s and 70s, with the educational movement known as Modern Mathematics. Through the curricular changes, many topics addressed in elementary and secondary education have been restructured within a set of parameters for the curriculum organization of the common national base, the PCNs, that normalize the base of the teaching and guide that the mathematics must be presented for the development of inherent abilities to solve problems, acquisition of symbolic language, modeling and interpretation of everyday situations, argumentation and application in real life situations. Thus, this work was developed with the purpose of providing support for the teaching of topology in basic education, through the compilation of historical facts, formalization of basic de nitions of introductory character such as continuity, metric spaces, topological spaces, among others, presentation of activities which can be worked together with the teaching geometry, which in a playful and intuitive way, will help to lay the foundation for a future deepening of these concepts, aiding in the development of topological thinking.
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Topologia, Ensino básico, Continuidade, Espaços métricos, Espaços topológicos, Topology, Basic education, Continuity, Metric spaces, Topological spaces