Influência do estresse crônico e agudo na aprendizagem em diferentes perfis comportamentais de tilápia do Nilo
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Data
2018-08-13
Autores
Alves, Nina Pacheco Capelini
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entendemos estresse com um estado de perda da homeostase do organismo, quando ela não é reestabelecida, o estresse pode desencadear diversas respostas e alterações no sistema fisiológico. As respostas dos organismos ao estresse podem ser influenciadas por diversos fatores, entre eles a personalidade do indivíduo. Sendo assim o estresse e a personalidade podem influenciar atividade vitais para os organismos, como o processo de aprendizagem, que os indivíduos utilizam para ajustar seus comportamentos aos ambiente ou situação na qual se encontram. Assim o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como o estresse agudo e crônico, interfere no processo de aprendizagem de tilápia do Nilo em diferentes perfis de personalidade (tímidos e ousados). Para tanto, juvenis de tilápia foram divididas de acordo com o seu perfil comportamental (ousados e tímidos) e esses dois grupos foram subdivididos em mais três subgrupos cada: o grupo dos indivíduos tímidos sem estresse (G1); indivíduos tímidos que passaram por estresse agudo (G2); indivíduos tímidos estresse crônico (G3); indivíduos ousados sem estresse (G4); indivíduos ousados estresse agudo (G5); indivíduos ousados estresse crônico (G6). Todos os eles passaram pelos mesmo processos de condicionamento e tipos de estressores físicos. Como resultados obtivemos que não há diferença de aprendizado entre as personalidades e sim diferença na sua motivação, sendo os indivíduos ousados mais motivados que os tímidos. Já quando houve a presença do estresse observamos que as diferentes repostas dependiam do condicionamento utilizado, da duração do estresse aplicado e da personalidade dos animais, mas em geral o estresse beneficiou os processos dos indivíduos tímidos. Portanto nossos achados apontam que devemos levar em consideração diversos fatores que podem influenciar a ação do estresse no processo de aprendizagem e que não necessariamente a aprendizagem seja diferente entre as personalidades e sim que o estilo de enfrentamento a novas situações é diferente. Assim, este estudo ajudou na compreensão dos fatores que podem interferir no processo de aprendizagem e como estes operam em diferentes personalidades.
We understand stress as a state of lost of the body's homeostasis, when it is not reestablished, stress can trigger diverses responses and changes in the physiological system. The responses of the organisms to stress can be influenced by several factors, among them the personality of the individual. Thus, stress and personality can influence vital activity for organisms, such as the learning process, that individuals use to adjust their behaviors to the environment or situation in which they find themselves. Thus the objective of this study was to understand how acute and chronic stress interferes in the learning process of Nile tilapia in different personality profiles (shy and bold). Tilapia juveniles were divided according to their behavioral profile (shy and bold) and these two groups were subdivided into three subgroups each: shy subjects without stress (G1); shy individuals who experienced acute stress (G2); shy subjects with chronic stress (G3); bold individuals without stress (G4); bold individuals with acute stress (G5); bold individuals with chronic stress (G6). All of them went through the same conditioning processes and types of physical stressors. As results we obtained that there is no difference of learning between the personalities but difference in their motivation, being the bold individuals more motivated than the shy ones When stress was present, we observed that the different responses depended on the conditioning used, the duration of the stress applied and the personality of the animals, but in general the stress benefited the processes of the shy individuals. Therefore our findings point out that we must take into account several factors that may influence the action of stress in the learning process and that not necessarily learning is different between personalities, but rather that the style of coping with new situations is different. Thus, this study helped in understanding the factors that may interfere in the learning process and how these operate in different personalities.
We understand stress as a state of lost of the body's homeostasis, when it is not reestablished, stress can trigger diverses responses and changes in the physiological system. The responses of the organisms to stress can be influenced by several factors, among them the personality of the individual. Thus, stress and personality can influence vital activity for organisms, such as the learning process, that individuals use to adjust their behaviors to the environment or situation in which they find themselves. Thus the objective of this study was to understand how acute and chronic stress interferes in the learning process of Nile tilapia in different personality profiles (shy and bold). Tilapia juveniles were divided according to their behavioral profile (shy and bold) and these two groups were subdivided into three subgroups each: shy subjects without stress (G1); shy individuals who experienced acute stress (G2); shy subjects with chronic stress (G3); bold individuals without stress (G4); bold individuals with acute stress (G5); bold individuals with chronic stress (G6). All of them went through the same conditioning processes and types of physical stressors. As results we obtained that there is no difference of learning between the personalities but difference in their motivation, being the bold individuals more motivated than the shy ones When stress was present, we observed that the different responses depended on the conditioning used, the duration of the stress applied and the personality of the animals, but in general the stress benefited the processes of the shy individuals. Therefore our findings point out that we must take into account several factors that may influence the action of stress in the learning process and that not necessarily learning is different between personalities, but rather that the style of coping with new situations is different. Thus, this study helped in understanding the factors that may interfere in the learning process and how these operate in different personalities.
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Palavras-chave
Personalidade, Estresse, Aprendizagem