A escrita de gêneros textuais por alunos do Ensino Fundamental
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Data
2018-08-15
Autores
Santos, Flávio Renato dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, discute a escrita de gêneros textuais por alunos do último ano do Ensino Fundamental I, procurando avaliar sobretudo os componentes formais do gênero escrito, tais como estrutura composicional, estilo de linguagem e conteúdo temático. Este estudo divide-se em duas fases: 1. Discussão teórico-bibliográfica e levantamento de estudos acadêmicos; 2. Estudo de campo com a análise dos textos escritos pelos alunos. A bibliografia estudada apontou para a necessidade do letramento escolar e, portanto, para a obrigatoriedade do ensino dos gêneros textuais nas escolas de modo sistematizado (de seus componentes internos e externos), uma vez que seu aprendizado propicia a participação dos sujeitos em práticas sociais de uso da escrita. Constatou-se também, pela leitura de teses, dissertações e artigos acadêmicos, que os alunos escreveram gêneros textuais funcionais nas escolas, contudo, houve diferentes problemas na construção de seus componentes internos que comprometeram o uso social de tais textos. Para resolvê-los, essas pesquisas sugeriram o uso das Sequências Didáticas, já que, por meio delas, é possível identificar os problemas de escrita do gênero e construir atividades direcionadas à sua solução. No mesmo sentido, também estão os resultados obtidos no estudo de campo, constatou-se, na escrita de poemas e de narrativas de terror, a capacidade escritora de gêneros textuais pelos alunos, porém, com fragilidades no desenvolvimento de seus componentes internos. As análises dos textos permitiram traçar uma relação direta entre as atividades desenvolvidas pelas docentes e os resultados das escritas. O desenvolvimento do conteúdo temático, por exemplo, foi 100% alcançado na escrita dos poemas, cujo trabalho com o tema foi sistematizado pela Professora A; já o desenvolvimento verossímil do terror e do medo nos contos de terror, não trabalhado pela outra docente, foi alcançado apenas por 27,2% dos alunos. O trabalho feito pela professora A com a estrutura do poema, em versos e em estrofes, também propiciou resultados satisfatórios nas escritas, diferente do que ocorreu com a linguagem, cujo estilo conotativo, necessário aos poemas, não foi trabalhado pela docente e, portanto, quase não aconteceu nos textos dos alunos. Da mesma forma, os contos de terror, para os quais a Professora B não propôs nenhuma intervenção, apresentaram muitos problemas relativos ao uso da norma padrão da língua, dentre eles, 22,7% tiveram o entendimento de excertos dos textos comprometido pelas dificuldades de escrita apresentadas. Diante disto, conclui-se que a criação das Sequências Didáticas, destinadas ao atendimento das dificuldades dos alunos, é necessária para o avanço na construção dos componentes internos dos gêneros textuais escritos, já que se observou que, quando trabalhados sistematicamente pelas professoras, houve progresso na escrita.
The present research, of a qualitative nature, discusses the writing of textual genres by students of the last year of Elementary School I, trying to evaluate, in particular, the formal components of the written genre, such as compositional structure, language style and thematic content. This study was divided into two phases: 1. Theoretical - bibliographic discussion and survey of academic studies; 2. Field study with the analysis of texts written by the students. The bibliography studied pointed to the necessity of school literacy and, therefore, to the compulsory teaching of the textual genres in schools in a systematized way (of their internal and external components), since their learning provides the participat ion of the subjects in social practices of use of the writing. It was also verified by reading theses, dissertations and academic articles, that students wrote functional textual genres in schools; however, there were different problems in the construction of its internal components that compromised the social use of such texts. In order to solve them, these researches suggested the use of Didactic Sequences, since, through these, it is possible to identify the problems of writing of the genre and the const ruction of activities directed to its solution. In this way, are also the results obtained in the field study; it was verified, in the writing of poems and horror narratives the writing ability of textual genres by the students; however, with weaknesses in the development of its internal components. The analysis of the texts allowed to draw a direct relation between the activities developed by the teachers and the results of the writing. The development of the thematic content, for example, was 100% achieve d in the writing of the poems, whose work with the theme was systematized by Professor A, and the verisimilar development of terror and fear in the tales of terror, not worked by the other teacher, was reached by only 27.2% of the students. The work done b y teacher A with the structure of the poem, in verses and in stanzas, also provided satisfactory results in the writings. Different from what happened with language, whose connotative style, necessary to the poems, was not worked by the teacher and, theref ore, almost did not happen in the texts of the students. Similarly, the horror stories, for which Professor B did not propose any intervention, presented many problems related to the use of the standard language, among them, 22.7% had an understanding of e xcerpts from texts compromised by the difficulties of presented. From this, it was concluded that the creation of Didactic Sequences, at addressing the difficulties observed, are primordial to obtain improvements in the construction of internal components of written text genres, since it was observed that, when they were systematically worked by the teachers, there was progress in writing.
The present research, of a qualitative nature, discusses the writing of textual genres by students of the last year of Elementary School I, trying to evaluate, in particular, the formal components of the written genre, such as compositional structure, language style and thematic content. This study was divided into two phases: 1. Theoretical - bibliographic discussion and survey of academic studies; 2. Field study with the analysis of texts written by the students. The bibliography studied pointed to the necessity of school literacy and, therefore, to the compulsory teaching of the textual genres in schools in a systematized way (of their internal and external components), since their learning provides the participat ion of the subjects in social practices of use of the writing. It was also verified by reading theses, dissertations and academic articles, that students wrote functional textual genres in schools; however, there were different problems in the construction of its internal components that compromised the social use of such texts. In order to solve them, these researches suggested the use of Didactic Sequences, since, through these, it is possible to identify the problems of writing of the genre and the const ruction of activities directed to its solution. In this way, are also the results obtained in the field study; it was verified, in the writing of poems and horror narratives the writing ability of textual genres by the students; however, with weaknesses in the development of its internal components. The analysis of the texts allowed to draw a direct relation between the activities developed by the teachers and the results of the writing. The development of the thematic content, for example, was 100% achieve d in the writing of the poems, whose work with the theme was systematized by Professor A, and the verisimilar development of terror and fear in the tales of terror, not worked by the other teacher, was reached by only 27.2% of the students. The work done b y teacher A with the structure of the poem, in verses and in stanzas, also provided satisfactory results in the writings. Different from what happened with language, whose connotative style, necessary to the poems, was not worked by the teacher and, theref ore, almost did not happen in the texts of the students. Similarly, the horror stories, for which Professor B did not propose any intervention, presented many problems related to the use of the standard language, among them, 22.7% had an understanding of e xcerpts from texts compromised by the difficulties of presented. From this, it was concluded that the creation of Didactic Sequences, at addressing the difficulties observed, are primordial to obtain improvements in the construction of internal components of written text genres, since it was observed that, when they were systematically worked by the teachers, there was progress in writing.
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Palavras-chave
Produção de texto, Sequência didática, Poema, Narrativa de terror, Text production, Didactic sequences, Poem, Horror stories