A apropriação dos princípios fundamentais da teoria da evolução e os alcances abstrativos na concepção de mundo
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Data
2018-08-31
Autores
Rosa, Júlia Mazinini [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica estabelece algumas premissas que se colocam como ponto de partida para o estudo aqui apresentado, entre elas: a relação entre o trabalho educativo e a formação/transformação na concepção de mundo de alunos e professores é uma das preocupações centrais desta teoria pedagógica; o papel do conhecimento sistematizado se efetiva de maneira mais consistente quanto mais o ensino se aproxime de uma concepção materialista, histórica e dialética de mundo; ensinar conteúdos escolares é ensinar concepções de mundo veiculadas por eles. Desta forma, o presente trabalho, situado nas interfaces entre a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e a Filosofia da Biologia, pretende explicitar a relação entre a educação escolar e a formação da concepção de mundo, particularizada na mediação de conteúdos de ensino a partir da teoria evolucionista. Tomando como unidade de análise o trabalho pedagógico, buscou-se examinar os principais elementos da teoria da evolução como contribuições para a formação, por meio da educação escolar, de uma concepção objetiva de natureza; bem como elucidar as relações entre a construção de uma concepção objetiva de natureza e a elaboração de uma concepção científico-filosófica de mundo, tendo em vista apontar o potencial desenvolvente do ensino de Biologia para a edificação da mesma. O primeiro capítulo destinou-se a esclarecer as origens da concepção de mundo e a unidade de análise do objeto desta pesquisa (ambos fundados na atividade de trabalho). No segundo capítulo foram analisadas três dimensões distintas da concepção de mundo (filosófico-científica, psicológica e pedagógica) e estabelecidas as relações entre elas. O terceiro capítulo expôs um percurso pela história do método científico e da própria Biologia, com a finalidade de evidenciar as relações entre o pensamento biológico que institui a concepção de natureza e a formação da concepção de mundo; bem como caracterizar a concepção de natureza, teleológica e essencialista, predominante até o século XIX e já superada. Isto permitiu considerar que o ensino de Biologia fundamentado em concepções essencialistas, teleológicas e metafísicas de natureza não se identifica com o ensino do pensamento científico mais desenvolvido. O quarto e último capítulo destinou-se a explicar por que a concepção evolucionista de mundo é considerada revolucionária e analisar os fundamentos materialistas, históricos e dialéticos de alguns dos principais sistemas conceituais do pensamento evolutivo atual como conteúdos escolares. Foram analisados os conceitos de: organismo, população biológica, espécie, ancestralidade/descendência com modificações, seleção natural, adaptação, teleonomia. O percurso adotado nos possibilitou defender a tese de que o ensino e a apropriação de princípios fundamentais da teoria da evolução podem contribuir para a construção das bases da concepção materialista, histórica e dialética de natureza e de mundo.
The Critical-Historical Pedagogy establishes some premises that stand as a starting point for the study presented here, among them: the relation between education and the formation / transformation of the worldview of students and teachers is one of the central concerns of that pedagogical theory; the role of scientific knowledge is more consistently effective the more teaching approaches a materialist, historical, and dialectical worldview; teaching school content is to teach worldviews conveyed by them. The present study is based on Critical-Historical Pedagogy, Cultural-Historical Psychology and the Philosophy of Biology and aims to clarify the relation between school education and the formation of the worldview, through the mediation of the school content "evolution". We take as unit of analysis the pedagogical work and sought to examine the main elements of the theory of evolution as contributions to the formation, through school education, of an objective conception of nature; as well as to elucidate the relations between the construction of an objective conception of nature and the elaboration of a scientific-philosophical worldview, in order to point out the developmental potential of Biology teaching for its construction. The first chapter was intended to clarify the origins of the worldview and the unit of analysis of this research (both based on the human work). In the second chapter three different dimensions of the worldview (philosophical-scientific, psychological and pedagogical) were analyzed and the relations between them were established. The third chapter presented a history of the scientific method and Biology itself, with the purpose of highlighting the relations between the biological thought that institutes the conception of nature and the formation of the worldview; as well as to characterize the teleological and essentialist conception of nature that had been predominant until the nineteenth century and is, today, already surpassed. This allowed us to consider that the teaching of Biology based on essentialist, teleological and metaphysical conceptions of nature is not identified with the teaching of the most developed scientific thinking to date (which contradicts principles of Critical-Historical Pedagogy). The fourth and final chapter was intended to explain why the evolutionary worldview is considered revolutionary and to analyze the materialistic, historical, and dialectical foundations of some of the major conceptual systems of current evolutionary thinking as school contents. Among them, organism, biological population, species, ancestry / descent with modifications, natural selection, adaptation, teleonomy. The course adopted allowed us to defend the thesis that the teaching and appropriation of evolution‟s fundamental principles can contribute to build the bases of the materialist, historical and dialectical conception of nature and worldview
The Critical-Historical Pedagogy establishes some premises that stand as a starting point for the study presented here, among them: the relation between education and the formation / transformation of the worldview of students and teachers is one of the central concerns of that pedagogical theory; the role of scientific knowledge is more consistently effective the more teaching approaches a materialist, historical, and dialectical worldview; teaching school content is to teach worldviews conveyed by them. The present study is based on Critical-Historical Pedagogy, Cultural-Historical Psychology and the Philosophy of Biology and aims to clarify the relation between school education and the formation of the worldview, through the mediation of the school content "evolution". We take as unit of analysis the pedagogical work and sought to examine the main elements of the theory of evolution as contributions to the formation, through school education, of an objective conception of nature; as well as to elucidate the relations between the construction of an objective conception of nature and the elaboration of a scientific-philosophical worldview, in order to point out the developmental potential of Biology teaching for its construction. The first chapter was intended to clarify the origins of the worldview and the unit of analysis of this research (both based on the human work). In the second chapter three different dimensions of the worldview (philosophical-scientific, psychological and pedagogical) were analyzed and the relations between them were established. The third chapter presented a history of the scientific method and Biology itself, with the purpose of highlighting the relations between the biological thought that institutes the conception of nature and the formation of the worldview; as well as to characterize the teleological and essentialist conception of nature that had been predominant until the nineteenth century and is, today, already surpassed. This allowed us to consider that the teaching of Biology based on essentialist, teleological and metaphysical conceptions of nature is not identified with the teaching of the most developed scientific thinking to date (which contradicts principles of Critical-Historical Pedagogy). The fourth and final chapter was intended to explain why the evolutionary worldview is considered revolutionary and to analyze the materialistic, historical, and dialectical foundations of some of the major conceptual systems of current evolutionary thinking as school contents. Among them, organism, biological population, species, ancestry / descent with modifications, natural selection, adaptation, teleonomy. The course adopted allowed us to defend the thesis that the teaching and appropriation of evolution‟s fundamental principles can contribute to build the bases of the materialist, historical and dialectical conception of nature and worldview
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Palavras-chave
Teaching of evolution, Worldview, Critical-historical pedagogy, Cultural-historical psychology, Ensino de evolução, Concepção de mundo, Pedagogia histórico-crítica, Psicologia histórico-cultural