Do sonho da terra ao pesadelo da dívida: a territorialização da Contrarreforma Agrária de Mercado no Pontal do Paranapanema
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Data
2018-09-18
Autores
Lima, Rodolfo de Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar as dinâmicas e processos da territorialização da Contrarreforma Agrária de Mercado (CRAM) no Pontal do Paranapanema, seus impactos na luta pela terra e no desenvolvimento territorial dos empreendimentos do projeto do Banco da Terra e Consolidação da Agricultura Familiar. A CRAM, foi elaborada e disseminada pelo Banco Mundial (BM) na segunda metade dos anos 90 como uma forma de responder aos conflitos territoriais e tensões sociais decorrentes dos impactos da política neoliberal. O governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, que estava fortemente vinculado aos interesses do grande capital internacional, Do Fundo Monetário Internacional e Do BM, adotou agenda agrária do Banco por meio das políticas de crédito fundiário com a finalidade de enfrentar o avanço das ocupações de terra organizadas, sobretudo pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Apesar das críticas e do endividamento de milhares de famílias, os governos subsequentes continuaram com a CRAM, realizando ajustes programáticos e envolvendo outros agentes. Em junho de 2001 a política fundiária neoliberal chega ao Pontal do Paranapanema por meio de um acordo entre a UNIPONTAL, a Força Sindical, o Conselho Regional de Desenvolvimento de Presidente Prudente e o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, num convênio com o Banco da Terra. Nesta mesma ocasião estavam presentes não só prefeitos da região, mas também os representantes da União Democrática Ruralista. Concluímos, entre outros elementos, que de um lado a CRAM foi uma política conduzida pelos grandes proprietários de terra para disputar a base social dos movimentos camponeses, e do outro lado, forjou territórios caracterizados por territorialidades dissimétricas, em que o endividamento, a sujeição de dezenas famílias mutuárias ao capital financeiro e a normatização neoliberal são emblemáticas.
The objective of this work is an examination of the dynamics and processes of the territorialization of the Agrarian Counterreform of the Market (CRAM) in the Pontal do Paranapanema, its impacts on the land struggle and territorial development in the projects of the Banco da Terra project and the Consolidação da Agricultura Familiar. A CRAM was developed and disseminated by the World Bank in the second half of the 1990s as a way of responding to territorial conflicts and social tensions arising from the impacts of neoliberal politics. The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, which was strongly linked to the interests of the great international capital, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, adopted the agrarian agenda of the Bank through land credit policies to deal with the advance of organized land occupations, especially by the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Despite the criticism and indebtedness of thousands of families, subsequent governments continued with CRAM, making programmatic adjustments and involving other actors. In June 2001, the neoliberal land policy came to Pontal do Paranapanema through an agreement between UNIPONTAL, Força Sindical, the Regional Development Council of Presidente Prudente and the Ministry of Agrarian Development, in an agreement with Banco da Terra At the same time, not only mayors from the region were present, but also representatives of the Rural Democratic Union. We conclude, among other elements, that on the one hand the CRAM was a policy led by the great landowners to dispute a social basis of the peasant movements and on the other hand, forged territories characterized by dissimmetrical territorialities, in which indebtedness, the subjection of dozens of borrowing families to financial capital and neoliberal normatization are emblematic.
The objective of this work is an examination of the dynamics and processes of the territorialization of the Agrarian Counterreform of the Market (CRAM) in the Pontal do Paranapanema, its impacts on the land struggle and territorial development in the projects of the Banco da Terra project and the Consolidação da Agricultura Familiar. A CRAM was developed and disseminated by the World Bank in the second half of the 1990s as a way of responding to territorial conflicts and social tensions arising from the impacts of neoliberal politics. The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, which was strongly linked to the interests of the great international capital, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, adopted the agrarian agenda of the Bank through land credit policies to deal with the advance of organized land occupations, especially by the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Despite the criticism and indebtedness of thousands of families, subsequent governments continued with CRAM, making programmatic adjustments and involving other actors. In June 2001, the neoliberal land policy came to Pontal do Paranapanema through an agreement between UNIPONTAL, Força Sindical, the Regional Development Council of Presidente Prudente and the Ministry of Agrarian Development, in an agreement with Banco da Terra At the same time, not only mayors from the region were present, but also representatives of the Rural Democratic Union. We conclude, among other elements, that on the one hand the CRAM was a policy led by the great landowners to dispute a social basis of the peasant movements and on the other hand, forged territories characterized by dissimmetrical territorialities, in which indebtedness, the subjection of dozens of borrowing families to financial capital and neoliberal normatization are emblematic.
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Palavras-chave
Neoliberalismo, Banco Mundial, Contrarreforma Agrária de Mercado, Neoliberalism, World Bank, Agrarian Counterreform of the Market, Pontal do Paranapanema, Território, Territory