Caracterização dos solos do Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, região sul-maranhense
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Data
2018-06-20
Autores
Silva, Jânio Fernandes e
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A região sul do Maranhão é a maior produtora de grãos – principalmente soja e milho – do Estado, contribuindo significativamente para a economia, com uma produção de 55,8%. A caracterização da variabilidade dos atributos dos solos dessa região torna-se importante para melhor entendimento dos processos pedogênicos do solo e uso de melhores práticas de manejo, proporcionando maior produtividade, de maneira sustentável. Por meio de ferramentas, como a estatística e geoestatística, é possível entender a relação entre os atributos dos solos e as formas da paisagem, indicando a variabilidade espacial dos atributos da região. Assim, o presente trabalho teve, como objetivo, a caracterização dos solos e distribuição destes na paisagem no semiárido sul-maranhense, município de São Raimundo das Mangabeiras. Foram coletadas 94 amostras na camada de 0 – 0,20 m, no espaçamento de 200 x 200 m e selecionados e classificados seis perfis de solo. Foram feitas análises granulométricas (areia, silte, argila e fracionamento de areia), químicas (soma de bases, fósforo, matéria orgânica e pH H2O e CaCl2), mineralógicas (quantificação de óxidos de ferro, caulinita e gibbsita) e análises magnéticas e espectrais. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de estatística descritiva e análises geoestatísticas pela krigagem simples. O estudo dos perfis e amostras foram divididos conforme três compartimentos da paisagem: côncava-linear, côncava e convexo-côncavo. Os solos classificados foram LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO Distrófico típico (LVAd), PLINTOSSOLO HÁPLICO Distrófico típico (FXd), CAMBISSOLO HÁPLCO Ta Distrófico típico (CXvd), LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO eutrófico (LVAe), CAMBISSOLO HÁPLCO Ta Eutrófico típico (CXve) e LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico psamítico (LAdp). Dentre os compartimentos analisados, o que apresentou maior coeficiente de variação foi o compartimento I, no qual foi encontrado o solo com destaque para maior fertilidade, e a pedoforma côncava-linear proporcionou maior variabilidade espacial, sobretudo, da fração argila, demonstrando que a forma do relevo condiciona padrões diferenciados de variabilidade. A granulometria apresentou baixa variação. Porém, os atributos P e SB variaram na área de 3,26 a 5,16 mg dm-3 e 10,42 a 33,51 cmolc dm-3, respectivamente, e foram expressos nos mapas de atributos espaciais.
The southern region of Maranhão is the largest producer of grains mainly soybeans and corn, contributing significantly to the economy, with a production of 55.8%. The characterization and variability of the soil attributes of this region becomes important for a better understanding of soil pedogenic processes, and the use of better management practices, providing a higher productivity in a sustainable way. Through tools such as statistics and geostatistics, it is possible to understand the relationship between soil attributes and landscape forms, indicating the spatial variability of the attributes of the region. Thus, the present work had as objective the characterization and variability of the attributes of the soils of the semi - arid south of Maranhão, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras municipality. A total of 94 samples were collected at 0 - 0.20 m depth, at a spacing of 200 x 200 m, and six soil profiles were selected and classified. Granulometric analyzes were done (sand, silt, clay and sand fractionation); (quantities of bases, phosphorus, organic matter and pH); mineralogical (quantification of iron oxides, kaolinite and gibbsite); and magnetic and spectral analyzes. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics analyzes and geostatistical analyzes by simple kriging. The study of the profiles and samples were divided according to three compartments of the landscape: concave-linear, concave and convex-concave. The soils classified were Dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAd), Dystrophic Haplic Plinthsol (FXd), Dystrophic Yellow Latosol (LAd), Eutrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAe), Eutrophic Red Latosol (LVe) and Dystrophic Yellow Latosol (LAdp). Among the compartments analyzed, the one that presented the highest coefficient of variation was the compartment I, where the soil was found with emphasis on higher fertility, and the concave-linear pedoform provided greater spatial variability especially of the clay fraction, demonstrating that the shape of the relief conditions patterns variability. The granulometry presented low variation. However, the P and SB attributes varied in the range of 3.26 to 5.16 mg dm-3 and 10.42 to 33.51 mmolc dm-3, respectively, and were expressed in spatial attribute maps.
The southern region of Maranhão is the largest producer of grains mainly soybeans and corn, contributing significantly to the economy, with a production of 55.8%. The characterization and variability of the soil attributes of this region becomes important for a better understanding of soil pedogenic processes, and the use of better management practices, providing a higher productivity in a sustainable way. Through tools such as statistics and geostatistics, it is possible to understand the relationship between soil attributes and landscape forms, indicating the spatial variability of the attributes of the region. Thus, the present work had as objective the characterization and variability of the attributes of the soils of the semi - arid south of Maranhão, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras municipality. A total of 94 samples were collected at 0 - 0.20 m depth, at a spacing of 200 x 200 m, and six soil profiles were selected and classified. Granulometric analyzes were done (sand, silt, clay and sand fractionation); (quantities of bases, phosphorus, organic matter and pH); mineralogical (quantification of iron oxides, kaolinite and gibbsite); and magnetic and spectral analyzes. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics analyzes and geostatistical analyzes by simple kriging. The study of the profiles and samples were divided according to three compartments of the landscape: concave-linear, concave and convex-concave. The soils classified were Dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAd), Dystrophic Haplic Plinthsol (FXd), Dystrophic Yellow Latosol (LAd), Eutrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAe), Eutrophic Red Latosol (LVe) and Dystrophic Yellow Latosol (LAdp). Among the compartments analyzed, the one that presented the highest coefficient of variation was the compartment I, where the soil was found with emphasis on higher fertility, and the concave-linear pedoform provided greater spatial variability especially of the clay fraction, demonstrating that the shape of the relief conditions patterns variability. The granulometry presented low variation. However, the P and SB attributes varied in the range of 3.26 to 5.16 mg dm-3 and 10.42 to 33.51 mmolc dm-3, respectively, and were expressed in spatial attribute maps.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dependência espacial, Geoestatística, Relação solo-paisagem