Otimização das condições de armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada de mangas ‘Palmer’ destinadas à exportação
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Data
2018-10-10
Autores
Santos Neto, João Paixão dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi conservar a qualidade de mangas ‘Palmer’ exportadas para a Europa e por objetivos específicos: I. estabelecer o melhor estádio de maturação para o transporte marítimo refrigerado e sob condições de atmosfera controlada (CA) determinado usando técnicas não-destrutivas de espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo (NIRS); II. desenvolver modelos de calibração e predição de matéria-seca (MS) e sólidos solúveis (SSC); III. comparar se a abordagem proposta difere do manuseio tradicional de mangas em uma remessa de mangas por frete marítimo para a Europa. No trabalho sobre a determinação dos índices de maturidade de manga ‘Palmer’ utilizando espectrômetro portátil de infravermelho próximo (VIS-NIR) o melhor modelo de calibração para SSC foi obtido usando espectros pré-processados com variação normal padrão (SNV), primeira derivada de Savitizk-Golay e janela de 699-999 nm. Para os SSC, foi observado um RMSECV de 1,39 % com um R2CV de 0,87 e RPD de 2,77. Melhores resultados foram observados para o modelo de calibração de MS construído com espectros em bruto usando a janela de 699-981 nm (RMSECV de 8,81 g.kg-1, R2CV de 0,84 e RPD de 2,51) e os modelos de calibração para firmeza foram considerados ruins. No estudo sobre armazenamento refrigerado de mangas ‘Palmer’ classificadas com base no teor de MS usando espectrômetro portátil de infravermelho próximo (VIS-NIR) foi possível concluir que o modelo PLS desenvolvido com as mangas da safra 2015/2016 não foi adequado para predizer o teor de MS em frutos da safra 2016/2017 (R² não ajustado). Assim, os espectros VIS-NIR da safra 2016/2017 foram incorporados ao conjunto de dados e um novo modelo foi desenvolvido (RMSEcv de 10,5 g.kg-1, R²P de 0,75). Com o novo modelo, as mangas ‘Palmer’ foram classificadas em dois estádios de maturação (150 g.kg-1 e 110 g.kg-1), o que resultou em diferenças de qualidade principalmente em relação à MS e SSC. No experimento sobre a resposta pós-colheita de mangas selecionadas de forma não-destrutiva quanto ao teor de MS durante e após o armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada (AC) foi observado que o modelo de regressão de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLSR) desenvolvido com frutos das safras de 2015/2016 e 2016/2017 de Cândido Rodrigues - SP, foi capaz de prever adequadamente o teor de MS de mangas produzidas em Petrolina - PE, mas com erro médio quadrático de predição bastante alto (RMSEP = 20,2 g.kg-1) e baixo R2P (0,19). Os espectros Vis-NIR de mangas produzidas em Petrolina - PE foram incorporados ao conjunto de dados e um novo modelo foi desenvolvido (RMSEv = 13,8 g.kg-1 e R²V = 0,63). Com o novo modelo PLSR foi possível selecionar mangas produzidas em Petrolina - PE com 150 g.kg-1 de MS, confirmando a robustez do modelo. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na qualidade entre os frutos classificados com base na MS (150 g.kg-1) em relação às selecionadas usando a aparência visual (manuseio tradicional) durante o armazenamento sob AC (5 kPa O2 e 5 kPa CO2) por 30 dias a 14,2±2,3 °C e 92,6±2,8 % UR. No entanto, as mangas classificadas com 150 g.kg-1 de MS apresentaram menor desvio padrão, indicando um lote de frutos mais homogêneo. De modo geral, foi possível conservar a qualidade de mangas ‘Palmer’ a serem exportadas para a Europa, principalmente por selecionar frutos no estádio de maturação mais apropriado (150 g.kg-1 MS), resultando em lotes de frutos mais homogêneos.
The main objective of this study was to preserve the quality of ‘Palmer’ mangoes exported for the supply chain in Europe, and the specific objectives were: I. establish the best maturity stage for sea freight transportation and under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions, determined using non-destructive of techniques near infrared spectroscopy; II. develop calibration and prediction models for dry matter (DM) and soluble solids content (SSC), III. compare if the proposed approach differs from the traditional mango handling to sea freight to Europe. In the study about the determination of the ‘Palmer’ mangoes maturity stages using near portable infrared spectrometer (VIS-NIR), the best calibration model for SSC was obtained using NIR spectra pre-processed with standard normal variation (SNV), first derivative of Savitizk-Golay, and 699-999 nm window. For SSC, it was observed a RMSECV of 1.39 %, with a R2CV of 0.87, and a RPD of 2.77. Better results could be seen for the DM calibration model built with raw spectra using the 699-981 nm window (RMSECV of 8.81 g.kg-1, R2CV of 0.84 and RPD of 2.51), and poor calibration models were obtained for firmness. In the study about refrigerated storage of ‘Palmer’ mangos sorted based on their DM content using near portable infrared spectrometer (VIS-NIR), it could be seen that the PLS model developed during 2015/2016 mango season was not appropriate to predict the DM content of fruit from 2016/2017 season (R² not adjusted). Therefore, the VIS-NIR spectra from 2016/2017 season were incorporated into the dataset and a new model was developed (RMSEcv of 10.5 g.kg-1, R²P of 0.75). With the new model, ‘Palmer’ mangoes were sorted in two maturity stages (150 g.kg-1 and 110 g.kg-1), which resulted in quality differences, mainly in relation to DM and SSC. In the study about the postharvest responses of mangos non-destructively sorted based on DM content during and after the storage under controlled atmosphere (CA), it was observed that the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model developed with fruit from 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 from Candido Rodrigues - SP, was able to properly predict the DM content of mangoes produced in Petrolina - PE, but with a high root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP = 20.2 g kg-1) and low R2P (0.19). Therefore the VIS-NIR spectra from mangoes produced in Petrolina – PE were incorporated into the dataset and a new model was developed (RMSEv of 13.8 g kg-1 and R²V of 0.63). With the new PLSR model, it was possible to sort mangoes produced in Petrolina – PE with 150 g.kg-1 DM, confirming the robustness of the model. It was not observed significant quality differences between fruit sorted based on DM (150 g.kg-1) in relation to visual appearance sorted fruit (traditional handling) during CA storage (5 kPa O2 and 5 kPa CO2) for up to 30 days at 14.2±2.3 °C and 92.6±2.8 % RH. However, the mangoes sorted with 150 g.kg-1 DM showed lower standard deviation, indicating a more homogeneous fruit batch. All in all, it was possible to preserve the quality of ‘Palmer’ mango to be exported to Europe, mainly by sorting the fruit in the appropriate maturity stage (150 g.kg-1 DM) with a more homogeneous fruit batch.
The main objective of this study was to preserve the quality of ‘Palmer’ mangoes exported for the supply chain in Europe, and the specific objectives were: I. establish the best maturity stage for sea freight transportation and under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions, determined using non-destructive of techniques near infrared spectroscopy; II. develop calibration and prediction models for dry matter (DM) and soluble solids content (SSC), III. compare if the proposed approach differs from the traditional mango handling to sea freight to Europe. In the study about the determination of the ‘Palmer’ mangoes maturity stages using near portable infrared spectrometer (VIS-NIR), the best calibration model for SSC was obtained using NIR spectra pre-processed with standard normal variation (SNV), first derivative of Savitizk-Golay, and 699-999 nm window. For SSC, it was observed a RMSECV of 1.39 %, with a R2CV of 0.87, and a RPD of 2.77. Better results could be seen for the DM calibration model built with raw spectra using the 699-981 nm window (RMSECV of 8.81 g.kg-1, R2CV of 0.84 and RPD of 2.51), and poor calibration models were obtained for firmness. In the study about refrigerated storage of ‘Palmer’ mangos sorted based on their DM content using near portable infrared spectrometer (VIS-NIR), it could be seen that the PLS model developed during 2015/2016 mango season was not appropriate to predict the DM content of fruit from 2016/2017 season (R² not adjusted). Therefore, the VIS-NIR spectra from 2016/2017 season were incorporated into the dataset and a new model was developed (RMSEcv of 10.5 g.kg-1, R²P of 0.75). With the new model, ‘Palmer’ mangoes were sorted in two maturity stages (150 g.kg-1 and 110 g.kg-1), which resulted in quality differences, mainly in relation to DM and SSC. In the study about the postharvest responses of mangos non-destructively sorted based on DM content during and after the storage under controlled atmosphere (CA), it was observed that the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model developed with fruit from 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 from Candido Rodrigues - SP, was able to properly predict the DM content of mangoes produced in Petrolina - PE, but with a high root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP = 20.2 g kg-1) and low R2P (0.19). Therefore the VIS-NIR spectra from mangoes produced in Petrolina – PE were incorporated into the dataset and a new model was developed (RMSEv of 13.8 g kg-1 and R²V of 0.63). With the new PLSR model, it was possible to sort mangoes produced in Petrolina – PE with 150 g.kg-1 DM, confirming the robustness of the model. It was not observed significant quality differences between fruit sorted based on DM (150 g.kg-1) in relation to visual appearance sorted fruit (traditional handling) during CA storage (5 kPa O2 and 5 kPa CO2) for up to 30 days at 14.2±2.3 °C and 92.6±2.8 % RH. However, the mangoes sorted with 150 g.kg-1 DM showed lower standard deviation, indicating a more homogeneous fruit batch. All in all, it was possible to preserve the quality of ‘Palmer’ mango to be exported to Europe, mainly by sorting the fruit in the appropriate maturity stage (150 g.kg-1 DM) with a more homogeneous fruit batch.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mangifera indica, PLSR, Mangifera indica, Espectroscopia, Espectrômetros, Quimiometria, Infravermelho, Chemometrics