Interferência de plantas daninhas com hábito trepador na cultura do milho
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Data
2018-11-30
Autores
Braga, Isa Marcela Rodrigues Furlini
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Um dos cultivos mais tradicionais, o milho tem assumido importante papel socioeconômico no Brasil, colocando-se em posição relevante no que se refere a valor da produção agropecuária, área plantada e volume produzido, em especial nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. Entre os fatores bióticos capazes de proporcionar redução no rendimento das culturas encontram-se as plantas daninhas. Algumas plantas daninhas de hábito trepador como as corda-de-viola e melão-de-são-caetano problemáticas em plantios agrícolas apresentam alta capacidade de dispersão e produção de sementes, podendo infestar áreas de plantio de milho, por serem facilmente dispersas por agentes dispersores. Estas podem afetar a produção produtividade, devido, principalmente, às interferências negativas impostas por sua presença, como a competição por água, nutrientes, luz e possíveis efeitos alelopáticos; bem como por serem hospedeiras de pragas, agentes causadores de doenças. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos na Unesp/FCAV para verificar se corda-de-viola e melão-de-são-caetano causam danos a produtividade do milho. e quais seriam. Os resultados destes trabalhos relacionados a interferência causada pelo melão-de-são-caetano nos permitiram concluir que melão-de-são-Caetano interfere no crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho ‘Maximus’ já a partir de 1 planta m-2, sendo que o efeito se acentua com o aumento da densidade. Os experimentos com corda de viola nos permitiu concluir que Ipomoea hederifolia não interfere no crescimento das plantas de milho ‘Impacto’ até a densidade de 16 plantas m-2, mas a partir de 2 plantas m-2 há reduções significativas na produtividade, que se acentuam com o aumento da densidade.
One of the most traditional crops, corn has assumed an important socioeconomic role in Brazil, placing itself in a relevant position regarding the value of agricultural production, planted area and volume produced, especially in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. Among the biotic factors capable of reducing crop yields are weeds. Some climbing weeds such as morningglory and Momordica Charantia problems in agricultural plantations have high dispersion and seed production capacity, and can infest maize planting areas, as they are easily dispersed by dispersing agents.These can affect production productivity, due mainly to the negative interferences imposed by their presence, such as competition for water, nutrients, light and possible allelopathic effects; as well as being host to pests, disease-causing agents. Two studies were developed at the Unesp / FCAV to verify if the viola cord and the Momordica Charantia cause damage to maize productivity. and what they would be. The results of these studies related to the interference caused by the Momordica Charantia allowed us to conclude that Momordica Charantia interferes in the growth, development and productivity of 'Maximus' maize already from 1 plant m-2, being that the effect is accentuated with increasing density.The experiments with morningglory allowed us to conclude that Ipomoea hederifolia does not interfere with the growth of 'Impacto' maize plants up to the density of 16 m-2 plants, but from 2 m-2 plants there are significant reductions in productivity. accentuate with increasing density.
One of the most traditional crops, corn has assumed an important socioeconomic role in Brazil, placing itself in a relevant position regarding the value of agricultural production, planted area and volume produced, especially in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. Among the biotic factors capable of reducing crop yields are weeds. Some climbing weeds such as morningglory and Momordica Charantia problems in agricultural plantations have high dispersion and seed production capacity, and can infest maize planting areas, as they are easily dispersed by dispersing agents.These can affect production productivity, due mainly to the negative interferences imposed by their presence, such as competition for water, nutrients, light and possible allelopathic effects; as well as being host to pests, disease-causing agents. Two studies were developed at the Unesp / FCAV to verify if the viola cord and the Momordica Charantia cause damage to maize productivity. and what they would be. The results of these studies related to the interference caused by the Momordica Charantia allowed us to conclude that Momordica Charantia interferes in the growth, development and productivity of 'Maximus' maize already from 1 plant m-2, being that the effect is accentuated with increasing density.The experiments with morningglory allowed us to conclude that Ipomoea hederifolia does not interfere with the growth of 'Impacto' maize plants up to the density of 16 m-2 plants, but from 2 m-2 plants there are significant reductions in productivity. accentuate with increasing density.
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Palavras-chave
Momordica charantia, Plantas daninhas, Zea mays, Meloidigyne spp, Pratylenchus spp, Ipomoea hederifolia