Gestão da informação no suporte a tomada de decisão em micro e pequenas empresas do setor comerciário de Bauru
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Data
2019-01-29
Autores
Pereira, Erick Pacheli [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, as Micro e Pequenas Empresas possuem um papel socioeconômico importante, além de serem organizações que mais geram empregos na sociedade. Todavia, essas empresas enfrentam fatores que prejudicam seu desenvolvimento e consistência no mercado, como falhas gerenciais, altas taxas de mortalidade, dificuldades na realização de planejamento estratégico e em se adaptar ao atual cenário informacional, entre outros. Os gestores e os funcionários inseridos nas micro e pequenas empresas apresentam dificuldades com relação à percepção da necessidade, busca, disseminação, uso, armazenamento e recuperação da informação na prática das suas atividades e nos seus processos decisórios. Diante disso, tornou-se imprescindível um estudo que enfocasse a análise das particularidades das micro e pequenas empresas e concomitantemente que abordasse como o processo de gestão da informação pode contribuir de maneira significativa para a tomada de decisão nesse universo, uma vez que apesar de existirem diversas pesquisas que enfocam a contribuição da gestão da informação para a tomada de decisão, essa contribuição é analisada predominantemente no âmbito de médias e grandes empresas. Nessa conjuntura, o problema condutor desse estudo foi: como as micro e pequenas empresas podem realizar a gestão da informação levando-se em consideração suas limitações e particularidades no processo decisório? À vista disso, o objetivo geral foi encontrar regularidades em Micro e Pequenas Empresas do setor comerciário da cidade de Bauru, no interior de São Paulo, a fim de verificar procedimentos relacionados à gestão da informação e à tomada de decisão, de maneira a estabelecer orientações sobre como as Micro e Pequenas Empresas podem realizar a gestão da informação para tomarem decisões que contribuam para o seu desenvolvimento no mercado. É uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, caracterizada como exploratória e utiliza como metodologia o estudo de casos múltiplos. Contempla como instrumento de coleta de dados o questionário e o roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada aplicados em três empresas que atuam no setor de comércio da cidade de Bauru/SP. Para análise dos dados coletados, utilizou-se as técnicas de combinação de padrão e a síntese cruzada de dados. Como resultados, a análise demonstrou que a gestão da informação no suporte à tomada de decisão em MPEs do setor comerciário, que atua no comércio de produtos relacionados à moda, deve considerar: (i) a estrutura simples que predomina nas MPEs; (ii) a necessidade de centralização demonstrada pelos gestores; (iii) a flexibilidade inerente à estrutura simples; (iv) as redes sociais como ferramentas para a coleta de informações; (v) as práticas e atitudes relativas à informação já existentes nas empresas; e (vi) a inclusão das informações provenientes dos departamentos terceirizados nas ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão. Como considerações finais, a pesquisa demonstrou que a modificação da cultura é uma questão complexa, e tais empresas já possuem tradição de mercado, o que torna essas mudanças mais difíceis. Portanto, as práticas e diretrizes para a gestão da informação devem estar em sintonia com a cultura organizacional da empresa.
In Brazil, Micro and Small Enterprises have an important socioeconomic role, as well as being organizations that generate the most jobs in society. However, these companies face factors that hinder their development and market consistency, such as managerial failures, high mortality rates, difficulties in carrying out strategic planning and in adapting to the current information scenario, among others. Managers and employees in micro and small enterprises present difficulties regarding the perception of the need, search, dissemination, use, storage and retrieval of information in the practice of their activities and in their decision-making processes. Therefore, a study that focuses on the analysis of the particularities of micro and small companies and which concomitantly addresses how the information management process can make a significant contribution to decision making in this universe is essential, since, although there are several researches that focus on the contribution of information management to decision making, this contribution is analyzed predominantly in medium and large companies. At this juncture, the problem that led to this study was: how can micro and small companies manage information by taking into account their limitations and particularities in the decision-making process? In view of this, the general objective is to provide guidance so that micro and small businesses in the city of Bauru can carry out information management to assist in their decision making. It is a research of qualitative nature, characterized as exploratory and uses as methodology the study of multiple cases. It includes as a data collection instrument the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview script applied to three companies that work in the commerce sector of the city of Bauru / SP. For the analysis of collected data, standard combination techniques and cross-data synthesis will be used. As a result, the analysis showed that information management in support of decision-making in MPEs of the commercial sector, which operates in the trade of products related to fashion, should consider: (i) the simple structure that predominates in MSEs; (ii) the need for centralization demonstrated by managers; (iii) the inherent flexibility of the simple structure; (iv) social networks as tools for collecting information; (v) information practices and attitudes already in place in companies; and (vi) the inclusion of information from outsourced departments in decision support tools. As final considerations, research has shown that crop modification is a complex issue, and such companies already have market tradition, which makes these changes more difficult. Therefore, the practices and guidelines for information management must be in tune with the organizational culture of the company.
In Brazil, Micro and Small Enterprises have an important socioeconomic role, as well as being organizations that generate the most jobs in society. However, these companies face factors that hinder their development and market consistency, such as managerial failures, high mortality rates, difficulties in carrying out strategic planning and in adapting to the current information scenario, among others. Managers and employees in micro and small enterprises present difficulties regarding the perception of the need, search, dissemination, use, storage and retrieval of information in the practice of their activities and in their decision-making processes. Therefore, a study that focuses on the analysis of the particularities of micro and small companies and which concomitantly addresses how the information management process can make a significant contribution to decision making in this universe is essential, since, although there are several researches that focus on the contribution of information management to decision making, this contribution is analyzed predominantly in medium and large companies. At this juncture, the problem that led to this study was: how can micro and small companies manage information by taking into account their limitations and particularities in the decision-making process? In view of this, the general objective is to provide guidance so that micro and small businesses in the city of Bauru can carry out information management to assist in their decision making. It is a research of qualitative nature, characterized as exploratory and uses as methodology the study of multiple cases. It includes as a data collection instrument the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview script applied to three companies that work in the commerce sector of the city of Bauru / SP. For the analysis of collected data, standard combination techniques and cross-data synthesis will be used. As a result, the analysis showed that information management in support of decision-making in MPEs of the commercial sector, which operates in the trade of products related to fashion, should consider: (i) the simple structure that predominates in MSEs; (ii) the need for centralization demonstrated by managers; (iii) the inherent flexibility of the simple structure; (iv) social networks as tools for collecting information; (v) information practices and attitudes already in place in companies; and (vi) the inclusion of information from outsourced departments in decision support tools. As final considerations, research has shown that crop modification is a complex issue, and such companies already have market tradition, which makes these changes more difficult. Therefore, the practices and guidelines for information management must be in tune with the organizational culture of the company.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestão da informação, Tomada de decisão, Micro e pequenas empresas, Estudo de casos múltiplos, Combinação de padrão, Síntese cruzada de dados, Information management, Decision making, Micro and small enterprises, Multiple case study, Standard combination, Cross-data synthesis