Identificação e percepções sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação por adultos com paralisia cerebral
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Data
2019-03-07
Autores
Vílchez, Iván Carlos Curioso [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) como, por exemplo, o computador tradicional e os dispositivos móveis, entre eles o notebook, o smartphone e o tablet, bem como o acesso à Internet, estão sendo usados por pessoas com ou sem deficiência física. Porém, não se tem evidência científica (quantitativa e qualitativa) sobre o seu uso por adultos com paralisia cerebral no Brasil. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o uso das TDIC e verificar as percepções sobre essas tecnologias por adultos com paralisia cerebral em seu cotidiano. Assim, esta pesquisa está organizada em três estudos. O primeiro estudo, intitulado “Identificação do uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação por adultos com paralisia cerebral”, teve a participação de 52 adultos com essa condição. Nesse estudo, por meio de um questionário, foi possível caracterizar o perfil de adultos com paralisia cerebral que são usuários das TDIC e de outros recursos de acessibilidade. Destaca-se, por exemplo, que os participantes fizeram um uso frequente dessas tecnologias e de outras opções de acessibilidade, assim como o uso de softwares/aplicativos e o acesso a sites da Internet, diferentemente dos recursos de acessibilidade. O segundo estudo, intitulado “Percepções sobre o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação por adultos com paralisia cerebral”, teve a participação de 12 adultos com essa condição. Nesse estudo, por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, foi possível verificar as percepções sobre o uso das TDIC por adultos com paralisia cerebral em diferentes ambientes e situações de sua experiência de vida. Mostram-se, assim, os diversos significados sobre a utilidade das TDIC, destacando uma série de facilitadores, barreiras e sugestões feitas pelos participantes. No caso dos facilitadores, por exemplo, os entrevistados relataram o impacto positivo do uso das TDIC em suas vidas. As TDIC são um meio que estimula, possibilita, amplia e redefine as experiências de vida. De acordo às barreiras, por exemplo, destacaram as dificuldades com os recursos de acessibilidade e opções de acessibilidade, entre outros softwares/aplicativos. No que diz respeito às sugestões, por exemplo, sobressaiu a necessidade de compreensão e de conhecimento por parte dos diversos atores sociais, para que possam identificar e incentivar as habilidades dessas pessoas com as TDIC, bem como utilizá-las em ambientes educativos e sociais. Além disso, reforça-se a ideia de que o governo deve monitorar e promover incentivos para a aquisição dessas tecnologias, e de que os profissionais das TDIC e do design precisam fazer melhorias em seus produtos e serviços para pessoas com essa condição. Por fim, o terceiro estudo, intitulado “Percepções sobre os designs de produtos para o uso do smartphone por adultos com paralisia cerebral”, teve a participação de quatro adultos com essa condição. Nesse estudo, por meio de um grupo focal, foi possível verificar as percepções de adultos com paralisia cerebral sobre os designs de produtos utilizados como suporte físico para o smartphone. Os participantes escolheram um design de produto para usar o smartphone em uma superfície plana ou em outra superfície e outro design de produto para usar no corpo. Sugere-se considerar os princípios do Design Universal para compreender as necessidades e particularidades do uso de determinados produtos pelos participantes. Deste modo, os resultados desses estudos permitiram evidenciar a importância que as TDIC têm para a inclusão e participação dessas pessoas na educação e na sociedade. Conclui-se que as TDIC são um meio que pode potencializar as experiências de vida das pessoas adultas com paralisia cerebral.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as desktop computers, laptop computers, smartphones, tablets, as well as Internet access, are being used by people with or without a physical disability. However, there is no scientific evidence (quantitative and qualitative) about its use by adults with cerebral palsy in Brazil. The objective of this research was to identify the use of ICT by exploring the perceptions of these technologies by adults with cerebral palsy in their daily lives. Therefore, this research is organized in three different studies. The first study was entitled “Identification of the use of Information and Communication Technology by adults with cerebral palsy”. This had the participation of 52 adults with this condition. By using a questionnaire in this study, it was possible to classify the profile of adults with cerebral palsy who are users of ICT and other accessibility resources. The participants, for example, have frequently made use of these technologies and other accessibility options, as well as the use of software/applications and access to Internet sites. In addition, it was observed the frequency of use of accessibility resources was limited. The second study was entitled “Perceptions about the use of Information and Communication Technology by adults with cerebral palsy”. This had the participation of 12 adults with this condition. By using a semistructured interview guide in this study, it was possible to verify the perceptions about the use of the ICT by adults with cerebral palsy in different environments and situations in their daily life. The participants of this study showed the meaning of the ICT by highlighting their facilitators, barriers and suggestions. Regarding the facilitators, for example, the interviewees reported the positive impact of the use of the ICT in their lives. The ICT stimulates, enables, expands and redefines their life experiences. Among the barriers they mentioned are difficulties in accessibility resources, accessibility options, and other software/applications. Regarding the suggestions, for example, participants reported the need for understanding and knowledge on the part of the social actors stood out. The social actors should identify and encourage the skills of these people with the ICT, as well as promote the usage of the ICT in educational and social environments. Furthermore, participants mentioned that the government should monitor and promote incentives for the acquisition of these technologies, and the professionals of the ICT such as designers should make improvements in their products and services for people with this condition. Finally, the third study was entitled “Perceptions about the designs of products for the use of the smartphone by adults with cerebral palsy”. This had the participation of four adults with that condition. By using a focus group in this study, it was possible to verify the perceptions of the physical support for the smartphones in adults with cerebral palsy. They chose their favorite product design for a smartphone on a flat surface or other surface, and on the body. It is suggested to consider the principles of universal design to understand the needs and particularities of the use of certain products by the participants. In this way, the results of these studies demonstrate the importance that the ICT has for the inclusion and participation of these people in education and in society. In conclusion, the ICT can enhance the life experiences of adults with cerebral palsy.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as desktop computers, laptop computers, smartphones, tablets, as well as Internet access, are being used by people with or without a physical disability. However, there is no scientific evidence (quantitative and qualitative) about its use by adults with cerebral palsy in Brazil. The objective of this research was to identify the use of ICT by exploring the perceptions of these technologies by adults with cerebral palsy in their daily lives. Therefore, this research is organized in three different studies. The first study was entitled “Identification of the use of Information and Communication Technology by adults with cerebral palsy”. This had the participation of 52 adults with this condition. By using a questionnaire in this study, it was possible to classify the profile of adults with cerebral palsy who are users of ICT and other accessibility resources. The participants, for example, have frequently made use of these technologies and other accessibility options, as well as the use of software/applications and access to Internet sites. In addition, it was observed the frequency of use of accessibility resources was limited. The second study was entitled “Perceptions about the use of Information and Communication Technology by adults with cerebral palsy”. This had the participation of 12 adults with this condition. By using a semistructured interview guide in this study, it was possible to verify the perceptions about the use of the ICT by adults with cerebral palsy in different environments and situations in their daily life. The participants of this study showed the meaning of the ICT by highlighting their facilitators, barriers and suggestions. Regarding the facilitators, for example, the interviewees reported the positive impact of the use of the ICT in their lives. The ICT stimulates, enables, expands and redefines their life experiences. Among the barriers they mentioned are difficulties in accessibility resources, accessibility options, and other software/applications. Regarding the suggestions, for example, participants reported the need for understanding and knowledge on the part of the social actors stood out. The social actors should identify and encourage the skills of these people with the ICT, as well as promote the usage of the ICT in educational and social environments. Furthermore, participants mentioned that the government should monitor and promote incentives for the acquisition of these technologies, and the professionals of the ICT such as designers should make improvements in their products and services for people with this condition. Finally, the third study was entitled “Perceptions about the designs of products for the use of the smartphone by adults with cerebral palsy”. This had the participation of four adults with that condition. By using a focus group in this study, it was possible to verify the perceptions of the physical support for the smartphones in adults with cerebral palsy. They chose their favorite product design for a smartphone on a flat surface or other surface, and on the body. It is suggested to consider the principles of universal design to understand the needs and particularities of the use of certain products by the participants. In this way, the results of these studies demonstrate the importance that the ICT has for the inclusion and participation of these people in education and in society. In conclusion, the ICT can enhance the life experiences of adults with cerebral palsy.
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Palavras-chave
Educação especial, Paralisia cerebral, Adultos, Tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação, Design, Special education, Cerebral palsy, Adults, Information and communication technology