Doses de fósforo e aplicação de silício via solo e foliar na cultura da batata (solanum tuberosum l.)
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Data
2019-02-08
Autores
Job, André Luiz Gomes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Por ser exigente em nutrientes e apresentar alto custo de produção, normalmente, empregam-se elevadas doses de fertilizantes fosfatados no cultivo da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.). Porém, devido a crescente preocupação com os fosfatos por serem recursos naturais não renováveis, devendo portanto ter utilização eficaz, e o aumento do custo de produção da batata nas últimas safras, torna-se necessário estudar técnicas que melhorem a eficiência da adubação fosfatada nessa cultura. A adubação silicatada poderia ser uma técnica promissora para melhorar o aproveitamento do fósforo (P) aplicado, pois além de aumentar a disponibilidade de P no solo, pode promover vários benefícios à cultura da batata. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silício (Si) via solo (Fertisilica®) e via foliar (Silamol®) sobre a nutrição, absorção de P e Si pela planta, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos da cultura da batata, cultivada sob diferentes doses de adubação fosfatada. Foram realizados três experimentos de campo, em Itaí, Pirajú e Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 4×3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação de quatro doses de P (0, 125, 250 e 500 kg ha-1 de P2O5) combinados com três tratamentos de Si (300 kg ha-1 de Si aplicados no sulco de plantio na forma do produto Fertisilica®, 16 g ha-1 de Si aplicados via foliar na forma do produto Silamol® e ausência da aplicação de Si). A utilização de Si via solo ou folha afetou ligeiramente os teores de Ca na folha, mas não afetou os teores de P na folha diagnose ou na planta de batata. A aplicação de Si aumentou o teor, extração e exportação de Si na batateira, mas apenas a aplicação de Si via solo aumentou a produção de matéria seca de tubérculo e da planta inteira antes da dessecação das ramas, bem como a quantidade de P acumulada pela planta. A produtividade de tubérculos não foi influenciada pela aplicação de Si, seja via solo ou foliar. Independentemente do fornecimento de Si, a aplicação de P incrementou os teores de N, P, Ca, Mg e S na folha diagnose, a matéria seca da planta, o número de tubérculo por planta, o peso médio e produtividade de tubérculos, os teores e quantidades P e Si extraídas e exportadas pela batateira. Em solos com teores médio-baixa disponibilidade de P, a cultura da batata teve a produtividade incrementada até doses entre 221 e 476 kg ha-1 de P2O5, sem que o fornecimento de Si via solo ou foliar interferisse na resposta à adubação fosfatada ou na eficiência de uso do P aplicado.
Due to be demanding in nutrients and present high production cost, usually, commonly, high rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizers are used in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation. However, due to the growing concern about phosphates as non-renewable natural resources, it should therefore be used efficiently, and due to the growing production costs it becomes necessary to study techniques that improve the efficiency of the P fertilization in that crop. Silicon (Si) fertilization could be a promising technique to improve the use of the applied P because besides increasing P availability in the soil, it can promote several benefits to the potato crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the Si application, by soil (Fertisilica®) and by leaf spraying (Silamol®), on nutrition, P and Si uptake by the plant, tuber yield and quality of the potato crop cultivated under different P fertilizer rates. Three field experiments were performed in Itaí, Pirajú, and Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 4×3 factorial scheme and four replications. The treatments were constituted by four P rates (0, 125, 250, and 500 kg ha-1 of P2O5) combined with three Si treatments (300 kg ha-1 of Si applied at planting furrow as the product Fertisilica®, 8 g ha-1 of Si applied by foliar spraying as the product Silamol®, and the absence of Si application). Soil- and foliar-applied Si slightly affected the Ca concentrations in the dignostic leaf, but did not affect the contents of P in the diagnosis leaf or in the potato plant. Silicon application increased the concentration, uptake and removal of Si in potato crop, but only soil-applied Si increased the dry matter yield of tuber and whole plant before vine desiccation, as well as the amount of P accumulated by the plant. Tuber yield was not influenced by the Si application, either by soil or via foliar. Regardless of the Si supply, the P fertilization increased the N, P, Ca, Mg, and S concentrations in the diagnosis leaf, plant dry matter, tuber number per plant, tuber mean weight, tuber yield, and uptake and removal of P and Si by the potato crop. In soils with medium-low P avaliability, the potato tuber yield increased up to rates between 221 and 476 kg ha-1 P2O5, without interference of soil- or foliar-applied Si on the response to P fertilization or applied P efficiency
Due to be demanding in nutrients and present high production cost, usually, commonly, high rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizers are used in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation. However, due to the growing concern about phosphates as non-renewable natural resources, it should therefore be used efficiently, and due to the growing production costs it becomes necessary to study techniques that improve the efficiency of the P fertilization in that crop. Silicon (Si) fertilization could be a promising technique to improve the use of the applied P because besides increasing P availability in the soil, it can promote several benefits to the potato crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the Si application, by soil (Fertisilica®) and by leaf spraying (Silamol®), on nutrition, P and Si uptake by the plant, tuber yield and quality of the potato crop cultivated under different P fertilizer rates. Three field experiments were performed in Itaí, Pirajú, and Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 4×3 factorial scheme and four replications. The treatments were constituted by four P rates (0, 125, 250, and 500 kg ha-1 of P2O5) combined with three Si treatments (300 kg ha-1 of Si applied at planting furrow as the product Fertisilica®, 8 g ha-1 of Si applied by foliar spraying as the product Silamol®, and the absence of Si application). Soil- and foliar-applied Si slightly affected the Ca concentrations in the dignostic leaf, but did not affect the contents of P in the diagnosis leaf or in the potato plant. Silicon application increased the concentration, uptake and removal of Si in potato crop, but only soil-applied Si increased the dry matter yield of tuber and whole plant before vine desiccation, as well as the amount of P accumulated by the plant. Tuber yield was not influenced by the Si application, either by soil or via foliar. Regardless of the Si supply, the P fertilization increased the N, P, Ca, Mg, and S concentrations in the diagnosis leaf, plant dry matter, tuber number per plant, tuber mean weight, tuber yield, and uptake and removal of P and Si by the potato crop. In soils with medium-low P avaliability, the potato tuber yield increased up to rates between 221 and 476 kg ha-1 P2O5, without interference of soil- or foliar-applied Si on the response to P fertilization or applied P efficiency
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Palavras-chave
Fósforo, Solanum tuberosum, Silício, Nutrição mineral, Produtividade de túberculos