Resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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2019-02-20
Autores
Fonseca, Sandy Sousa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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No Brasil, o feijão é uma importante cultura de subsistência, porem podem haver grandes reduções na sua produção devido o ataque de diversas pragas, das quais, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) pode utilizar a cultura como hospedeiro alternativo e causar danos significativos. Diante do exposto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro através da atratividade e consumo, em testes de não preferência para alimentação, com e sem chance de escolha, e os aspectos biológicos de S. frugiperda, através de teste de antibiose, em diferentes genótipos de feijão. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Resistência de Plantas a Insetos do Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – FCAV/UNESP, câmpus Jaboticabal, sob condições controladas de temperatura de 26 ± 1 °C, umidade relativa de 60 ± 10 % e fotofase de 12 horas. Foram utilizados 10 genótipos para os testes de não preferência para alimentação, onde foram utilizadas arenas cilíndricas naqueles com chance de escolha e placas de Petri para os testes sem chance de escolha. Ambas foram forradas com papel filtro umedecido sendo dispostos os discos foliares da fase vegetativa da cultura, liberando uma lagarta de terceiro instar por genótipo. A atratividade foi avaliada registando o número de lagartas atraídas para o disco nos tempos 5, 15, 30 minutos, 1, 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas após sua liberação e o consumo foi feito por avaliação visual de três avaliadores. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso e inteiramente casualizado para os testes com e sem chance de escolha, respectivamente, com 10 repetições por tratamento. No teste de antibiose foram utilizados recipientes plásticos, onde foi colocado uma lagarta neonata e foram oferecidas folhas de feijão da fase vegetativa (V4). As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, assim como a higienização do recipiente. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: o período larval e pupal, o peso das lagartas com 10 dias de idade, o peso de pupa 24 horas após a pupação, a viabilidade larval e pupal, período de eclosão da lagarta a emergência do adulto, a longevidade do adulto, a razão sexual e a porcentagem de indivíduos deformados. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com 50 repetições. Nos testes de não preferência, o genótipo IPR Eldorado foi o mais atrativo e os genótipos IAC-Tigre, IAC Sintonia e IAC-Nuance foram os menos atrativos. O consumo foi maior no genótipo IAPAR 65 e menor no IAC-Tigre, para os testes sem chance de escolha. Nos testes com chance de escolha não houve variação em relação a atratividade, entretanto os genótipos IAC Sintonia e IPR Celeiro foram o mais e o menos consumido, respectivamente. Com base no teste de antibiose, pode-se inferir que o genótipo IAC-Tigre é altamente resistente e IAC-Sintonia, IAPAR 65, BRS Esplendor, IAC Formoso e IPR Eldorado são altamente suscetíveis.
In Brazil, beans are an important subsistence crop, but there may be large reductions in their production due to the attack of various pests, of which Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) can use the crop as an alternative host and cause significant damage. In view of the above, this work had as objective to evaluate the resistance of bean genotypes through attractiveness and consumption, in nonpreference tests for feeding, with and without chance of choice, and the biological aspects of S. frugiperda, by means of a test of antibiosis in different genotypes of beans. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Resistance to Insects of the Department of Phytosanitary Studies of the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - FCAV / UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, under controlled temperature conditions of 26 ± 1 ° C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and 12-hour photophase. Ten genotypes were used for the non-preference tests for feeding, where cylindrical arenas were used in those with choice and Petri dishes for the tests with no chance of choice. Both were lined with moist filter paper and the leaf discs of the vegetative phase of the culture were arranged, releasing a third instar caterpillar per genotype. The attractiveness was evaluated by recording the number of caterpillars attracted to the disc at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after their release and the consumption was done by visual evaluation of three evaluators. The experimental design was randomized blocks and completely randomized for the tests with and without a choice, respectively, with 10 replicates per treatment. In the antibiosis test, plastic containers were used, where a neonata caterpillar was placed and leaves of vegetative phase (V4) were offered. The evaluations were performed daily, as well as the sanitization of the container. The evaluated parameters were: the larval and pupal period, the weight of the caterpillars at 10 days of age, pupal weight 24 hours after pupation, larval and pupal viability, caterpillar hatching period, adult emergence, longevity of adult, sexual ratio and percentage of deformed individuals. The design was completely randomized with 50 replicates. In the non-preference tests, the Eldorado IPR genotype was the most attractive and the IAC-Tigre, IAC Sintonia and IAC-Nuance genotypes were the least attractive. Consumption was higher in the IAPAR 65 genotype and lower in the IAC-Tigre, for the tests with no chance of choice. In the tests with a chance of choice there was no variation in attractiveness, however the genotypes IAC Sintonia and IPR Celeiro were the most and least consumed, respectively. Based on the antibiosis test, it can be inferred that the IAC-Tigre genotype is highly resistant and IAC-Sintonia, IAPAR 65, BRS Esplendor, IAC Formoso and IPR Eldorado are highly susceptible.
In Brazil, beans are an important subsistence crop, but there may be large reductions in their production due to the attack of various pests, of which Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) can use the crop as an alternative host and cause significant damage. In view of the above, this work had as objective to evaluate the resistance of bean genotypes through attractiveness and consumption, in nonpreference tests for feeding, with and without chance of choice, and the biological aspects of S. frugiperda, by means of a test of antibiosis in different genotypes of beans. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Resistance to Insects of the Department of Phytosanitary Studies of the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - FCAV / UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, under controlled temperature conditions of 26 ± 1 ° C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and 12-hour photophase. Ten genotypes were used for the non-preference tests for feeding, where cylindrical arenas were used in those with choice and Petri dishes for the tests with no chance of choice. Both were lined with moist filter paper and the leaf discs of the vegetative phase of the culture were arranged, releasing a third instar caterpillar per genotype. The attractiveness was evaluated by recording the number of caterpillars attracted to the disc at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after their release and the consumption was done by visual evaluation of three evaluators. The experimental design was randomized blocks and completely randomized for the tests with and without a choice, respectively, with 10 replicates per treatment. In the antibiosis test, plastic containers were used, where a neonata caterpillar was placed and leaves of vegetative phase (V4) were offered. The evaluations were performed daily, as well as the sanitization of the container. The evaluated parameters were: the larval and pupal period, the weight of the caterpillars at 10 days of age, pupal weight 24 hours after pupation, larval and pupal viability, caterpillar hatching period, adult emergence, longevity of adult, sexual ratio and percentage of deformed individuals. The design was completely randomized with 50 replicates. In the non-preference tests, the Eldorado IPR genotype was the most attractive and the IAC-Tigre, IAC Sintonia and IAC-Nuance genotypes were the least attractive. Consumption was higher in the IAPAR 65 genotype and lower in the IAC-Tigre, for the tests with no chance of choice. In the tests with a chance of choice there was no variation in attractiveness, however the genotypes IAC Sintonia and IPR Celeiro were the most and least consumed, respectively. Based on the antibiosis test, it can be inferred that the IAC-Tigre genotype is highly resistant and IAC-Sintonia, IAPAR 65, BRS Esplendor, IAC Formoso and IPR Eldorado are highly susceptible.
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Palavras-chave
Lagarta-militar, Phaseolus vulgaris, Resistência de planta a insetos