Avaliação clínica bucal de bezerros com doença periodontal e suas correlações bioquímicas séricas e salivares
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Data
2019-02-18
Autores
Vaccari, Juliana
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As doenças periodontais são associadas ao manejo do solo e à dieta e provocam danos à saúde e ao bem-estar dos bovinos. Da mesma forma afeta o desempenho e a eficiência alimentar em decorrência das dificuldades na mastigação e ruminação. Considerada uma enfermidade multifatorial, na qual as bactérias são necessárias para que ocorra o processo infeccioso, mas não suficientes, elas têm características clínico-patológicas e epidemiológicas particulares. Inicialmente associada à formação de pastagem em extensas áreas das regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte do país, a periodontite pode reincidir após a reforma dos pastos ou alimentação dos animais com forragens recém-cultivadas. Na pecuária extensiva, a doença tende à redução espontânea e gradativa nos sistemas de produção com o decorrer dos anos e na dependência do tipo de solo. Ocorrendo em episódios, ela tem característica sazonal e permanece sob a forma crônica em animais adultos; provocam inflamações dos tecidos de proteção e sustentação dos dentes. Na gengivite e gengivite necrosante, que são percursoras da periodontite, a inflamação está associada à formação do biofilme bacteriano e à resposta imune do hospedeiro. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi avaliar clinicamente bezerros com doença periodontal e verificar as correlações bioquímicas séricas e salivares. Dez bezerros desmamados, com idade entre 4 e 6 meses, mantidos em pastejo rotacionado em área reformada foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n=5 cada grupo): controle e tratamento. Os animais do grupo tratamento receberam via oral pour-dressing 340 mg de virginiamicina diariamente, por um período de cinco meses, num total de período experimental de seis meses. O exame clínico periodontal foi realizado semanalmente, enquanto as análises bioquímicas séricas e salivares, além das análises hematológicas, mensalmente. Os parâmetros bioquímicos analisados foram proteína total, albumina, ureia, aspartato amino transferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA), gama glutamil transferase (GGT), cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. No exame clínico houve maior prevalência de gengivite e gengivite necrosante no grupo controle. Os animais do grupo tratamento tiveram aumento do ganho de peso e condição corporal. Ao longo do período experimental os animais do grupo controle apresentaram redução significativa das concentrações séricas de albumina, magnésio e uréia, enquanto oscilações significantes na albumina, AST, FA, GGT, ureia e fósforo foram encontrados também no grupo controle, porém para os parâmetros salivares. Os animais do grupo contole apresentaram linfocitose e leucocitose e o grupo tratamento apresentou monocitose. A prevalência de gengivite no rebanho demonstrou uma correlação negativa com a concentração de magnésio sérico, e uma correlação positiva com atividade da FA salivar. Não houve correlação significante entre os parâmetros bioquímicos séricos e salivares entre si. Os resultados evidenciaram que as correlações negativas do parâmetro sérico magnésio com os achados clínicos podem sugerir que este parâmetro pode ser utilizado como um marcador para a gengivite nos bovinos.
Periodontal diseases are associated with soil management and diet and cause damage to the health and well-being of cattle. It also affects performance and food efficiency as a result of difficulties in chewing and rumination. Considered as a multifactorial disease, in which bacteria are necessary for the infectious process to occur, but not enough, they have particular clinical and pathological and epidemiological characteristics. Initially associated with pasture formation in extensive areas of the Southeast, Midwest and Northern regions of the country, periodontitis may recur after pasture reform or feed the animals with freshly grown fodder. In extensive livestock, the disease tends to spontaneous and gradual reduction in production systems over the years and depending on the type of soil. Occurring in episodes, it has a seasonal characteristic and remains chronic in adult animals; inflammation of the protective tissues and support of the teeth. In gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis, which are precursors of periodontitis, inflammation is associated with the formation of the bacterial biofilm and the immune response of the host. The general objective of the present study was to evaluate clinically calves with periodontal disease and to verify the biochemical correlations between serum and salivary. Ten weaned calves, aged 4 to 6 months, maintained on rotational grazing in a reformed area were randomly divided into two groups (n = 5 each group): control and treatment. The animals in the treatment group were given orally pour-dressing 340 mg of virginiamycin daily for a period of five months for a total of six months experimental period. The periodontal clinical examination was performed weekly, while the serum and salivary biochemical analyzes, in addition to the hematological analyzes, monthly. The biochemical parameters analyzed were total protein, albumin, urea, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. In the clinical examination there was a higher prevalence of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in the control group. The animals in the treatment group had increased weight gain and body condition. During the experimental period, the animals in the control group showed a significant reduction in the serum concentrations of albumin, magnesium and urea, while significant oscillations in albumin, AST, FA, GGT, urea and phosphorus were also found in the control group, but for salivary parameters . The animals in the contole group had lymphocytosis and leukocytosis and the treatment group showed monocytosis. The prevalence of gingivitis in the herd showed a negative correlation with serum magnesium concentration, and a positive correlation with salivary AF activity. There was no significant correlation between serum and salivary biochemical parameters. The results showed that the negative correlations of the serum magnesium parameter with the clinical findings may suggest that this parameter can be used as a marker for gingivitis in cattle.
Periodontal diseases are associated with soil management and diet and cause damage to the health and well-being of cattle. It also affects performance and food efficiency as a result of difficulties in chewing and rumination. Considered as a multifactorial disease, in which bacteria are necessary for the infectious process to occur, but not enough, they have particular clinical and pathological and epidemiological characteristics. Initially associated with pasture formation in extensive areas of the Southeast, Midwest and Northern regions of the country, periodontitis may recur after pasture reform or feed the animals with freshly grown fodder. In extensive livestock, the disease tends to spontaneous and gradual reduction in production systems over the years and depending on the type of soil. Occurring in episodes, it has a seasonal characteristic and remains chronic in adult animals; inflammation of the protective tissues and support of the teeth. In gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis, which are precursors of periodontitis, inflammation is associated with the formation of the bacterial biofilm and the immune response of the host. The general objective of the present study was to evaluate clinically calves with periodontal disease and to verify the biochemical correlations between serum and salivary. Ten weaned calves, aged 4 to 6 months, maintained on rotational grazing in a reformed area were randomly divided into two groups (n = 5 each group): control and treatment. The animals in the treatment group were given orally pour-dressing 340 mg of virginiamycin daily for a period of five months for a total of six months experimental period. The periodontal clinical examination was performed weekly, while the serum and salivary biochemical analyzes, in addition to the hematological analyzes, monthly. The biochemical parameters analyzed were total protein, albumin, urea, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. In the clinical examination there was a higher prevalence of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in the control group. The animals in the treatment group had increased weight gain and body condition. During the experimental period, the animals in the control group showed a significant reduction in the serum concentrations of albumin, magnesium and urea, while significant oscillations in albumin, AST, FA, GGT, urea and phosphorus were also found in the control group, but for salivary parameters . The animals in the contole group had lymphocytosis and leukocytosis and the treatment group showed monocytosis. The prevalence of gingivitis in the herd showed a negative correlation with serum magnesium concentration, and a positive correlation with salivary AF activity. There was no significant correlation between serum and salivary biochemical parameters. The results showed that the negative correlations of the serum magnesium parameter with the clinical findings may suggest that this parameter can be used as a marker for gingivitis in cattle.
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Palavras-chave
Bezerro, Bioquímica, Doença periodontal, Gengivite, Calve, Biochemical, Periodontal disease, Gingivitis