Acolhimento familiar para famílias acolhedoras: sentidos e significados
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Data
2017-11-30
Autores
Suster, Claudia Regonha
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes na residência de famílias acolhedoras é uma modalidade de atendimento destinada à crianças e adolescentes com direitos violados. Legitimado junto a política de assistência social foi, em 2006, organizado e normatizado, descritivamente, no Plano Nacional de Proteção, Promoção e Defesa dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente à Convivência Familiar e Comunitária. Considerando ser um serviço inovador no âmbito da proteção social este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as diferenças relacionais, educacionais e culturais que surgem no processo de acolhimento e os impactos que produzem nas histórias de vida dos membros da família acolhedora. Especificamente, se propôs a compreender as concepções que as famílias acolhedoras constroem sobre a criança, a família de origem e a violação de direito que culminou na medida protetiva; conhecer como ocorrem os processos de vinculação e ruptura de vínculos, pressupostos na ação de acolher e verificar se as diferenças geram conflitos e quais recursos educacionais, psicológicos e sociais as famílias acolhedoras utilizam para enfrentar essas diferenças. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados dois grupos focais: um com os guardiões e cuidadores adultos; e outro com os filhos crianças e adolescentes das famílias acolhedoras. A análise dos dados se orientou a luz da metodologia dos núcleos de significação apreendidos a partir dos conteúdos produzidos pelos grupos focais, orientados pela psicologia sócio-histórica que tem por objetivo encontrar, no particular, a instância da totalidade social. Foram identificados 7 núcleos de significação com os adultos, sendo eles: Núcleo 1 - A vivência dos contraditórios: sentimentos da família acolhedora na experiência do apego e desapego; Núcleo 2 - Desacolhimento: dilemas entre a despedida e a manutenção do vínculo; Núcleo 3 - Valorização versus Desconfiança e culpabilização: sentimentos contraditórios frente a capacidade de proteção da família de origem; Núcleo 4 – Educação: entre a culpabilização e a superproteção; Núcleo 5 - Parentalidade: conflitos e possibilidades permeados por preconceitos, medo curiosidade e amor; Núcleo 6 – Cotidiano do acolhimento e a manutenção de papéis sociais: o feminino e o cuidado frente às facilidades, dificuldades e redes de apoio; Núcleo 7 - A produção de significados e sentidos - Aprender e ensinar; e um com as crianças, o qual foi nomeado como: O acolhimento familiar é compreendido com clareza pelos filhos dos acolhedores e atravessam o processo de mudança experenciando diversos sentimentos: satisfação, medo, saudade, tristeza, alegria, afeto, educação e proteção. Na análise desses núcleos podemos afirmar que a experiência de acolher crianças constitui-se em um processo dialético contraditório, mas de grande potência para a ressignificação das histórias de vida de todos os envolvidos (acolhedores e acolhidos). Também se constitui como uma grande possibilidade de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de outras formas de ser estar no mundo, ao ser intensamente atravessada por mudanças sociais, culturais e afetivas.
The sheltering of childerns and adolescents in foster families is a modality of foster care intended for children and adolescents who have their violated by neglet, abuse or violence. Legitimized with the social assistance policy, in 2006 it was organized and normalized, descriptively, in the National Plan of Protection, the Promotion and Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Family and Community Living. Considering that it is an innovative service in the area of social protection, this study aims to evaluate the relational, educational and cultural differences that arise in the reception process and the impacts they produce in the life stories of the members of the foster family. Specifically, this work intends to understand the conceptions that the foster families construct on the child, the biological family and the violation of right that culminated in the protective measure; to understand how the processes the of attachment and rupture of the relationships occur, assumptions in the action of welcoming. This research anchored in the contributions of socio-historical psychology that aims to find, in particular, the instance of social totality. With de adults, were identified 7 (seven) groups of significance, being: group 1 – The experience with de contradictions: the foster family feelings in the experience of attachment and detachment; Group 2 – The disconexion: dilemma as between farewell and the maintenance of bond; Group 3 –thebiological family valution versus distrust and blame: conflicting feelings about the ability to protect; Group 4 – Education: between blame and over protection; Group 5 – Parenthood: conflicts and possibilities permeated by prejudice, fear, curiosity and love; Group 6 – Daily life of the fostering and the maintenance of social roles: the feminine and the care given to the facilities, difficulties and the support networks; Group 7 – The production of meanings and feelings – teaching and learning; ann one (1) more group about the childrens, who was nominated: The family fostering is understood whith clarity by the foster familie’s children, they go through a process of change experiencing different feelings like: full fillment, fear, longing, sadness, joy, fondness, nurturing and protection. In those groups analysis we can affirm that the experience of fodtering childrens constitutes a contradictory dialetic process, but gives a great power for the resignification of the life histories of all those involved (children and foster family). Also constitutes a great possibility of learning and developing other forms of being, since foster families are intensely crossed by social, cultural and affective differences.
The sheltering of childerns and adolescents in foster families is a modality of foster care intended for children and adolescents who have their violated by neglet, abuse or violence. Legitimized with the social assistance policy, in 2006 it was organized and normalized, descriptively, in the National Plan of Protection, the Promotion and Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Family and Community Living. Considering that it is an innovative service in the area of social protection, this study aims to evaluate the relational, educational and cultural differences that arise in the reception process and the impacts they produce in the life stories of the members of the foster family. Specifically, this work intends to understand the conceptions that the foster families construct on the child, the biological family and the violation of right that culminated in the protective measure; to understand how the processes the of attachment and rupture of the relationships occur, assumptions in the action of welcoming. This research anchored in the contributions of socio-historical psychology that aims to find, in particular, the instance of social totality. With de adults, were identified 7 (seven) groups of significance, being: group 1 – The experience with de contradictions: the foster family feelings in the experience of attachment and detachment; Group 2 – The disconexion: dilemma as between farewell and the maintenance of bond; Group 3 –thebiological family valution versus distrust and blame: conflicting feelings about the ability to protect; Group 4 – Education: between blame and over protection; Group 5 – Parenthood: conflicts and possibilities permeated by prejudice, fear, curiosity and love; Group 6 – Daily life of the fostering and the maintenance of social roles: the feminine and the care given to the facilities, difficulties and the support networks; Group 7 – The production of meanings and feelings – teaching and learning; ann one (1) more group about the childrens, who was nominated: The family fostering is understood whith clarity by the foster familie’s children, they go through a process of change experiencing different feelings like: full fillment, fear, longing, sadness, joy, fondness, nurturing and protection. In those groups analysis we can affirm that the experience of fodtering childrens constitutes a contradictory dialetic process, but gives a great power for the resignification of the life histories of all those involved (children and foster family). Also constitutes a great possibility of learning and developing other forms of being, since foster families are intensely crossed by social, cultural and affective differences.
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Palavras-chave
Acolhimento familiar, Família acolhedora, Direitos humanos, Política pública, Foster care, Foster family, Human rights, Public policy