Anatomia funcional, osteologia comparada e ecologia trófica de Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner, 1853) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
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Data
2019-04-26
Autores
Silva, Guilherme Henrique da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A família Loricariidae é considerada o maior grupamento taxonômico dentro da ordem dos Siluriformes. Os peixes loricarídeos apresentam hábitos alimentares associados às suas bocas sugadoras e dentes raspadores, se alimentando principalmente de algas, mas também de detritos vegetais e pequenos invertebrados. Geralmente, estão associados aos níveis tróficos inferiores dos ecossistemas Neotropicais. Originalmente descrito por Bleeker (1862) o gênero Hemiodontichthys, pertence à subfamília Loricariinae, endêmico da América do Sul, é caracterizado por ser monotípico, com exemplares de médio porte e dimorfismo sexual em indivíduos adultos. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus possui um comportamento de forrageio distinto (forrageio ativo e escavador), indicando que realize filtração com auxílio dos arcos branquiais, o que sugere a presença de especializações nos mesmos. Logo, os objetivos deste estudo foram, realizar uma análise do esqueleto completo de H. acipenserinus; realizar uma análise comparativa das características do aparelho bucal e tróficas encontradas em H. acipenserinus e em espécies da família que são filogeneticamente relacionadas a H. acipenserinus, bem como espécies que exploram hábitats semelhantes, e avaliar se as características osteológicas encontradas nas espécies estão correlacionadas com a dieta. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus apresentou uma diferenciação na ingestão de itens alimentares (maior consumo de invertebrados aquáticos e menor consumo de sedimento) em relação às espécies filogeneticamente relacionadas, bem como aquelas que compartilham o mesmo habitat, destacando um provável processo de seleção alimentar mais efetivo na obtenção de determinados tipos de recursos. Apesar de apresentar diferenças no consumo de recursos, apenas o conjunto de caracteres do arco branquial foi correlacionado a dieta das espécies, o que sugere que a seleção alimentar possa ocorrer neste conjunto ósseo. Assim, modificações morfológicas nesse conjunto levam a diferenciação no consumo de item alimentares de H. acipenserinus.
The Loricariidae family is considered the largest taxonomic group among the Siluriformes. Loricariid catfishes show feeding habits associated to their sucking mouths and scraper teeth. They feed upon mainly on algae, but also of vegetal debris and small invertebrates. They are generally associated with lower trophic levels of Neotropical ecosystems. Originally described by Bleeker (1862) the genus Hemiodontichthys belongs to the subfamily Loricariinae. The genus is monotypic and endemic of South America with medium-sized specimens and sexual dimorphism in adults. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus exhibits a different foraging behavior (active digger), which can indicate the assistance of the branchial arcs during filtration process. Thus, it is possible that branchial arcs in H. acipenserinus show morphological specializations. Thus, the aims of this study were to perform a complete osteological analysis of H. acipenserinus; to perform a comparative analysis of the osteological characteristics of the oral apparatus and trophic characteristics found in H. acipenserinus and in species of the family that are phylogenetically related to H. acipenserinus, as well as species that explore similar habitats; and to assess if osteological characteristics were correlated with diet. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus showed a differentiation in the food items ingestion (high and low consumption of aquatic invertebrates and sediment, respectively) compared to species phylogenetically related, as well as those ones that share the same habitat. This probably highlights a more effective food selection process of some types of resources. Despite a different food items consumption, only branchial arc characters were correlated to diet, which can suggest that the food selection occurs in this bony set. Thus, osteological modifications in this set can lead to differences in the consumption of food items in H. acipenserinus.
The Loricariidae family is considered the largest taxonomic group among the Siluriformes. Loricariid catfishes show feeding habits associated to their sucking mouths and scraper teeth. They feed upon mainly on algae, but also of vegetal debris and small invertebrates. They are generally associated with lower trophic levels of Neotropical ecosystems. Originally described by Bleeker (1862) the genus Hemiodontichthys belongs to the subfamily Loricariinae. The genus is monotypic and endemic of South America with medium-sized specimens and sexual dimorphism in adults. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus exhibits a different foraging behavior (active digger), which can indicate the assistance of the branchial arcs during filtration process. Thus, it is possible that branchial arcs in H. acipenserinus show morphological specializations. Thus, the aims of this study were to perform a complete osteological analysis of H. acipenserinus; to perform a comparative analysis of the osteological characteristics of the oral apparatus and trophic characteristics found in H. acipenserinus and in species of the family that are phylogenetically related to H. acipenserinus, as well as species that explore similar habitats; and to assess if osteological characteristics were correlated with diet. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus showed a differentiation in the food items ingestion (high and low consumption of aquatic invertebrates and sediment, respectively) compared to species phylogenetically related, as well as those ones that share the same habitat. This probably highlights a more effective food selection process of some types of resources. Despite a different food items consumption, only branchial arc characters were correlated to diet, which can suggest that the food selection occurs in this bony set. Thus, osteological modifications in this set can lead to differences in the consumption of food items in H. acipenserinus.
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Palavras-chave
Neotropical, Cascudinhos, Morfologia, Dieta, Loricariinae, Morphology, Diet