Habitação para idosos: programa de locação social nos centros históricos de São Paulo (Brasil) e Barcelona (Espanha)
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Data
2019-04-30
Autores
Lucredi, Victor Rüegger
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diante das vulnerabilidades econômica, física e social dos idosos, os estudos demonstram que a qualidade da habitação social afeta diretamente a maneira como os moradores interagem com o espaço, bem como nos aspectos psicológicos, sociais e físicos dos usuários. Em função da demanda de habitação social para idosos, os centros históricos tem sido alvo de programas e projetos de intervenção pública nas últimas décadas. A Prefeitura de São Paulo, Brasil, no centro histórico, reabilitou alguns edifícios para habitação dos idosos por meio do Programa Locação Social; um deles é o Palacete dos Artistas. Ao mesmo passo, a Generalitat de Catalunya em Barcelona, Espanha, desenvolveu no centro histórico, o Programa ‘Protección Oficial: Vivienda para Mayores’ Santa Caterina. Neste contexto, a pesquisa tem por objetivos avaliar se a habitação para idosos dos Programas de Locação Social em centros históricos tem qualidade e propor diretrizes projetuais para subsidiar estes programas. O método empregado foi a arquitetura dialógica com base na fundamentação teórica de Muntañola, Bakhtin e Ricoeur que analisa o texto (obra arquitetônica) na relação com o seu contexto, e por sua vez, a obra arquitetônica é avaliada nas dimensões de projeto original, construção original, desocupação, tombamento, degradação, projeto de reabilitação, construção de reabilitação e percepção dos usuários visando a qualidade da habitação, que por sua vez vai da unidade e se entende às unidades de transporte, lazer, serviços e equipamentos urbanos, e a todo seu entorno. Para isso foram utilizados dois estudos de caso: Palacete dos Artistas, no centro histórico de São Paulo; Programa ‘Protección Oficial: Vivienda para Mayores’, através do estudo de caso da Vivienda Santa Caterina, na Ciutat Vella de Barcelona, Espanha. Como resultados gerais temos que as unidades de habitação são satisfatórias em sua maioria e os equipamentos coletivos supracitados estão próximos da habitação (com exceção dos equipamentos de saúde) ao longo da pesquisa nota-se que o caso brasileiro não se difere tanto do caso espanhol, onde ambos os empreendimentos beneficiam pessoas idosas e têm espaços de convívio satisfatórios, porém o que se mostra uma defasagem é no número dessas unidades que ainda é pouca no Brasil. Recomenda-se que as unidades de habitação satisfaçam a necessidades dos usuários e que todos os equipamentos estejam próximos.
Faced with the economic, physical and social vulnerabilities of the elderly, studies show that the quality of social housing directly affects the way residents interact with space, as well as the psychological, social and physical aspects of users. Due to the demand for social housing for the elderly, historic centers have been the target of public intervention programs and projects in recent decades. The City Hall of São Paulo, Brazil, in the historic center, rehabilitated some buildings for elderly people's housing through the Programa Locação Social; one of them is the Mansion of Artists. At the same time, the Generalitat de Catalunya in Barcelona, Spain, developed the ‘Protección Oficial: Vivienda para Mayores’ program in the historic center of Santa Caterina. In this context, the objective of the research is to evaluate whether the housing for the elderly of the Social Leasing Programs in historic centers has quality and to propose design guidelines to subsidize these programs. The method used was the dialogic architecture based on the theoretical basis of Muntañola, Bakhtin and Ricoeur, which analyzes the text (the architectonic building) in relation to its context, and if it is evaluated in the dimensions of original design, construction rehabilitation project, construction of rehabilitation and perception of users aiming at the quality of housing, which in turn goes from the unit and is understood to the units of transportation, leisure, services and urban equipment, and to all their surroundings. Two case studies were used: Palacete dos Artistas, in the historical center of São Paulo; Official Protection Program: Housing for the Elderly, through the case study of the Housing Santa Caterina, in the Ciutat Vella of Barcelona, Spain. As general results we have that the housing units are satisfactory in the main and the above mentioned collective equipments are close to the dwelling (with the exception of the health equipment) throughout the research it is noticed that the Brazilian case does not differ so much from the Spanish case, where both ventures benefit elderly people and have satisfactory living spaces, but what is shown to be a discrepancy is in the number of these units that is still few in Brazil. It is recommended that housing units meet the needs of users and that all equipment is nearby.
Faced with the economic, physical and social vulnerabilities of the elderly, studies show that the quality of social housing directly affects the way residents interact with space, as well as the psychological, social and physical aspects of users. Due to the demand for social housing for the elderly, historic centers have been the target of public intervention programs and projects in recent decades. The City Hall of São Paulo, Brazil, in the historic center, rehabilitated some buildings for elderly people's housing through the Programa Locação Social; one of them is the Mansion of Artists. At the same time, the Generalitat de Catalunya in Barcelona, Spain, developed the ‘Protección Oficial: Vivienda para Mayores’ program in the historic center of Santa Caterina. In this context, the objective of the research is to evaluate whether the housing for the elderly of the Social Leasing Programs in historic centers has quality and to propose design guidelines to subsidize these programs. The method used was the dialogic architecture based on the theoretical basis of Muntañola, Bakhtin and Ricoeur, which analyzes the text (the architectonic building) in relation to its context, and if it is evaluated in the dimensions of original design, construction rehabilitation project, construction of rehabilitation and perception of users aiming at the quality of housing, which in turn goes from the unit and is understood to the units of transportation, leisure, services and urban equipment, and to all their surroundings. Two case studies were used: Palacete dos Artistas, in the historical center of São Paulo; Official Protection Program: Housing for the Elderly, through the case study of the Housing Santa Caterina, in the Ciutat Vella of Barcelona, Spain. As general results we have that the housing units are satisfactory in the main and the above mentioned collective equipments are close to the dwelling (with the exception of the health equipment) throughout the research it is noticed that the Brazilian case does not differ so much from the Spanish case, where both ventures benefit elderly people and have satisfactory living spaces, but what is shown to be a discrepancy is in the number of these units that is still few in Brazil. It is recommended that housing units meet the needs of users and that all equipment is nearby.
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Palavras-chave
Habitação social, Idoso, Arquitetura dialógica, Centro histórico, Social housing, Elderly, Dialogical architecture, Historic center