Contaminação ambiental por geo-helmintos em praças do município de Botucatu, São Paulo
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Data
2019-04-30
Autores
Providelo, Gilson Avelino
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os geo-helmintos são um grupo de parasitas em que parte do ciclo evolutivo ocorre necessariamente no solo, que desempenha o papel de fonte de infecção. O solo pode ser responsável pela transmissão das geo-helmintíases, principalmente quando o local é compartilhado por animais e seres humanos, como em parques e/ou praças públicas. Em relação aos geo-hemintos de potencial zoonótico, destacam-se os gêneros Toxocara e Ancylostoma. Entretanto, outros parasitos intestinais, como Trichuris spp. e Strongyloides spp., que possuem parte de seu ciclo biológico no solo, também desempenham importante papel na contaminação de ambientes públicos. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a contaminação do solo por geo-helmintos em praças do município de Botucatu-SP, identificando a prevalência dos principais gêneros e sua ocorrência em praças de diferentes áreas do município. As praças foram catalogadas e distribuídas entre as regiões administrativas (norte, sul, leste, oeste e central). As coletas foram realizadas em dois momentos: momento I (de outubro a dezembro de 2017) e momento II (de fevereiro a março de 2018). No presente trabalho foram coletadas amostras de solo e avaliadas por meio das técnicas de centrífugo-sedimentação, centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco, e o método de Baermann-Moraes na busca por ovos e larvas de geo-helmintos. A partir das análises das amostras do solo obtidas nas praças estudadas, foram observados ovos do gênero Toxocara e ovos de ancilostomídeos, sendo este último encontrado somente nas coletas realizadas no momento II. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo demonstraram que o risco de contaminação de seres humanos por ovos de Toxocara spp. esteve presente, pois este foi o geo-helminto mais prevalente. O principal fator de risco observado e relacionado à presença de ovos de Toxocara spp. nos locais investigados, foi a presença de fezes de animais , em virtude do livre acesso dos animais em locais públicos, promovendo um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento do ciclo do parasita e uma possível contaminação dos seres humanos. Neste cenário, políticas de saúde pública são necessárias para a diminuição dos focos de Toxocara spp. e evitar a contaminação da população humana que frequenta esses locais. Desta forma, além dos médicos veterinários, a comunidade deve exercer o papel de agente de saúde, combinando abordagens para prevenir a contaminação do solo por geo-helmintos e controlar as geohelmintíases na população.
Geohelminths are a group of parasites in which part of the life cycle necessarily occurs in the soil, playing a role as a source of infection. Soil may be responsible for the transmission of geohelminthiasis, especially when the site is shared by animals and humans, such as in parks and/or public squares. Regarding geohelminths of zoonotic potential, we highlight the genera Toxocara and Ancylostoma. However, other intestinal parasites, such as Trichuris spp. and Strongyloides spp., which also have part of their biological cycle in the soil, also play an important role in the contamination of public environments. This study aimed to investigate the soil contamination by geohelminths in squares of the municipality of Botucatu-SP, identifying the prevalence of the main genera and their occurrence in squares of different areas of the municipality. The squares were cataloged and distributed among administrative regions (north, south, east, west, and central). The samples were carried out in two time point: I (from October to December 2017) and II (from February to March 2018). In this study soil samples were collected and evaluated by means of centrifugalsedimentation techniques, zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation , and the BaermannMoraes method searching for geohelminths eggs and larvaes. From the soil samples obtained in the studied squares, eggs of the genus Toxocara and eggs of Ancylostomatoidea were observed, being the latter only found in the samples obtained at time point II. The results of in the present study demonstrated that the risk of human contamination by Toxocara spp. exists because it was the most prevalent geohelminth and the main risk factor observed and related to the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs, was the presence of animal feces in the evaluated environments, which could lead to the development of the parasite cycle and possible contamination of humans. In this way public health policies are necessary to reduce and to avoid the contamination of the human population that have access to these places. Therefore, in addition to veterinarians, the community should play the role of health agents, combining approaches to prevent soil contamination by geohelminths and controlling geohelminthiasis in the population.
Geohelminths are a group of parasites in which part of the life cycle necessarily occurs in the soil, playing a role as a source of infection. Soil may be responsible for the transmission of geohelminthiasis, especially when the site is shared by animals and humans, such as in parks and/or public squares. Regarding geohelminths of zoonotic potential, we highlight the genera Toxocara and Ancylostoma. However, other intestinal parasites, such as Trichuris spp. and Strongyloides spp., which also have part of their biological cycle in the soil, also play an important role in the contamination of public environments. This study aimed to investigate the soil contamination by geohelminths in squares of the municipality of Botucatu-SP, identifying the prevalence of the main genera and their occurrence in squares of different areas of the municipality. The squares were cataloged and distributed among administrative regions (north, south, east, west, and central). The samples were carried out in two time point: I (from October to December 2017) and II (from February to March 2018). In this study soil samples were collected and evaluated by means of centrifugalsedimentation techniques, zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation , and the BaermannMoraes method searching for geohelminths eggs and larvaes. From the soil samples obtained in the studied squares, eggs of the genus Toxocara and eggs of Ancylostomatoidea were observed, being the latter only found in the samples obtained at time point II. The results of in the present study demonstrated that the risk of human contamination by Toxocara spp. exists because it was the most prevalent geohelminth and the main risk factor observed and related to the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs, was the presence of animal feces in the evaluated environments, which could lead to the development of the parasite cycle and possible contamination of humans. In this way public health policies are necessary to reduce and to avoid the contamination of the human population that have access to these places. Therefore, in addition to veterinarians, the community should play the role of health agents, combining approaches to prevent soil contamination by geohelminths and controlling geohelminthiasis in the population.
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Palavras-chave
Contaminação do solo, Geo-helmintos, Toxocara, Zoonose, Soil contamination, Geohelminths, Toxocara spp, Zoonosis