Produtividade e qualidade pós-colheita da beterraba em função de doses de nitrogênio e boro
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2019-07-04
Autores
Vasque, Henrique
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fornecimento adequado de nutrientes é fundamental para o desenvolvimento e qualidade pós-colheita dos produtos hortícolas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada e bórica na produção e pós-colheita da beterraba cultivar Tall Top Early Wonder, armazenada em câmara fria a temperatura de 5 ± 1 °C e UR de 85 ± 5 %. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, localizada no município de São Manuel - SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos constituídos das combinações entre a adubação com nitrogênio e boro: sem nitrogênio e sem boro (SNSB), sem nitrogênio e com boro (SNCB), com nitrogênio e sem boro (CNSB) e com nitrogênio e com boro (CNCB), em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos com boro (4 Kg ha-1) foram aplicados em dose única na adubação de plantio e os tratamentos com nitrogênio (90 Kg ha-1) em cobertura, parcelada em um terço da dose total aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após o transplante. A fonte de nitrogênio utilizada foi a uréia e de boro o bórax. Avaliou-se na colheita a altura das plantas, massa fresca e seca da raiz e da parte aérea, diâmetro e comprimento da raiz e produtividade. Após a colheita foram avaliadas as variáveis perda de massa fresca, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, açúcares redutores, cor, respiração, pigmentos, compostos fenólicos, atividade antioxidante, flavonóides, composição centesimal e aparência. Os resultados demonstram que na colheita o nitrogênio proporcionou aumento na produtividade, raízes maiores e mais homogêneas para o mercado, já o boro promoveu incremento na massa seca de raiz. Porém, não houve interação entre os fatores nitrogênio e boro nas características analisadas. Na pós-colheita, a adubação nitrogenada juntamente com a bórica, promoveu diminuição na perda de massa fresca e na atividade respiratória, bem como aumento da vida de prateleira e melhor aparência.
Adequate nutrient supply is essential to the development and post-harvest quality of vegetables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and boric fertilization on the production and post harvest of the Tall Top Early Wonder beet stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ° C and RH of 85 ± 5%. The experiment was conducted at the São Manuel Experimental Farm. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with four treatments consisting of nitrogen and boron nitrogen and no boron (SNSB), nitrogen and boron (SNCB), nitrogen and boron (CNSB) and with nitrogen and boron (CNCB) in four replicates. Boron treatments (4 kg ha-1) were applied in a single dose in planting fertilization and treatments with nitrogen (90 kg ha-1) in cover, divided in one third of the total dose at 15, 30 and 45 days after the transplant. The source of nitrogen was urea and boron was used as borax. Plant height, fresh and dry root and shoot mass, root diameter and length and yield and post-harvest loss of fresh weight, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, quantification of the instrumental color, respiration, pigments, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, centesimal composition and visual analysis. The results showed that nitrogen yielded an increase in yield, larger roots and more homogeneous to the market, while boron promoted an increase in dry root mass. However, there was no interaction between the nitrogen and boron factors in the analyzed characteristics. In post-harvest, nitrogen fertilization along with boric acid promoted a decrease in fresh weight loss and respiratory activity, as well as increased shelf life and improved appearance.
Adequate nutrient supply is essential to the development and post-harvest quality of vegetables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and boric fertilization on the production and post harvest of the Tall Top Early Wonder beet stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ° C and RH of 85 ± 5%. The experiment was conducted at the São Manuel Experimental Farm. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with four treatments consisting of nitrogen and boron nitrogen and no boron (SNSB), nitrogen and boron (SNCB), nitrogen and boron (CNSB) and with nitrogen and boron (CNCB) in four replicates. Boron treatments (4 kg ha-1) were applied in a single dose in planting fertilization and treatments with nitrogen (90 kg ha-1) in cover, divided in one third of the total dose at 15, 30 and 45 days after the transplant. The source of nitrogen was urea and boron was used as borax. Plant height, fresh and dry root and shoot mass, root diameter and length and yield and post-harvest loss of fresh weight, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, quantification of the instrumental color, respiration, pigments, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, centesimal composition and visual analysis. The results showed that nitrogen yielded an increase in yield, larger roots and more homogeneous to the market, while boron promoted an increase in dry root mass. However, there was no interaction between the nitrogen and boron factors in the analyzed characteristics. In post-harvest, nitrogen fertilization along with boric acid promoted a decrease in fresh weight loss and respiratory activity, as well as increased shelf life and improved appearance.
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Palavras-chave
Beta vulgaris L., Adubação, Compostos bioativos, Conservação, Taxa respiratória, Fertilization, Bioactives compounds, Conservation, Respiratory rate