Produção e qualidade de batata sob influência de fertilização, massa de tubérculos sementes e regimes hídricos
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Data
2019-08-01
Autores
Viana, Jonathan dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os efeitos do manejo da irrigação, dos tubérculos sementes e fertilização na produção e qualidade da batata são discutidos como relevantes para o desenvolvimento do crescimento da cultura. A cultura da batata apresenta ótimas respostas a irrigação localizada, porém para que se obtenha sucesso se fazem necessários mais estudos. Dada a importância que essa cultura tem na mesa dos consumidores objetivou-se com essa pesquisa avaliar a produção e qualidade de batata sob influência de fertilização, massa de tubérculos sementes e regimes hídricos. O estudo foi realizado com batata cultivar Orchestra, em delineamento experimental de blocos aos acaso com seis repetições com parcelas subdivididas em fertilizações na parcela e massa de tubérculos sementes na subparcela, no qual incluiu 3 níveis de formas de fertilização: F1 – adubação convencional, F2 – fertirrigação de acordo com a marcha de absorção da cultura, F3 – fertirrigação parcelada em três vezes; 2 níveis de massas de tubérculos sementes: TS1 < 50g e TS2 > 50g. Maior produtividade (48,18 Mg ha-1) e batata graúda (43,67 Mg ha-1) foram obtidas no tratamento fertirrigação (marcha de absorção) e massas de tubérculos sementes > 50 g (48,61 Mg ha-1 e 42,78 Mg ha-1) no regime hídrico (RH) 100%ETc. Porém para as plantas submetidas ao RH 50%ETc para a variável produtividade de tubérculos não foi verificado diferença (P>0,05) nos fatores fertilização e massa de tubérculos sementes. Maior eficiência do uso da água é atribuída ao RH 50%ETc para tubérculos sementes maiores que 50 g de 39,82 kg m-3 de água. A maior razão de cobertura é atribuída à tubérculos sob regime 100%ETc com 89 dias de duração de ciclo. Verificou-se variação de pH, açúcares solúveis totais, matéria seca e firmeza independente dos regimes hídricos no qual os tubérculos tinham sido expostos. Tubérculos de batata cv. Orchestra submetidos ao RH 50%ETc apresentaram maior pH inicial independente da fertilização. Os regimes hídricos não tiveram influência direta sob o teor de açúcares solúveis totais evidenciado pela similaridade entre os teores obtidos. O teor de matéria seca para batatas sob RH 50%ETc variou de 16,13% a 20,67 e para o regime hídrico 100%ETc de 14,89% a 18,36%. Para firmeza independente das fertilizações, massas de tubérculos sementes e regimes hídricos teve-se um decréscimo com o passar do tempo em prateleira. O fator restrição hídrica (regime 50%ETc) foi determinante para redução do ciclo (75 dias), produtividade de tubérculos, classificação de tubérculos em batata graúda e miúda e porcentagem de tubérculos comercializáveis da batateira cv. Orchestra independente das fertilizações e massa de tubérculos sementes adotadas. Os regimes hídricos juntamente com as fertilizações tiveram maior influência nas características físico-químicas da batata cv. Orchestra em prateleira alterando sua qualidade pós colheita.
The results of nutrient analysis and fertilization in potato production and quality are discussed as relevant to the development of crop growth. The potato crop presents excellent responses to localized irrigation, but to be successful. Given the opportunity that culture in the table of customers was aimed at that survey the production and quality of potato under influence of fertilization, mass of tubers, seeds and water regimes. The study was conducted with potato to crop Orchestra. The experimental design was a randomized block design with six replications in subdivided plots with fertilizations in the plot and mass of seed tubers in the subplot, which included 3 levels of fertilization: F1 - conventional fertilization, F2 - fertigation according to uptake of the crop, F3 - fertigation in three times; 2 levels of tuber seed masses: TS1 <50g and TS2> 50g. Higher productivity (48.18 Mg ha-1) and large potato (43.67 Mg ha-1) were obtained in the fertigation treatment and mass of tubers seeds> 50 g (48.61 Mg ha-1 and 42.78 Mg ha-1) in the water regime (RH) 100% ETc. However, for the plants submitted to RH 50% ETc for the variable yield of tubers, no difference (P> 0.05) was observed in the factors of fertilization and mass of seed tubers. Greater efficiency of water use is attributed to RH 50% ETc for tubers seeds greater than 50 g of 39.82 kg m-3 of water. The highest coverage ratio is attributed to tubers under 100% ETc regime with 89 days of cycle length. There was variation of pH, total soluble sugars, dry matter and firmness independent of the water regimes in which the tubers had been exposed. Tubers of potato cv. Orchestra submitted to RH 50% ETc showed higher initial pH independent of fertilization. The water regimes did not have a direct influence on the total soluble sugars content due to the similarity between the contents obtained. The dry matter content for potatoes under RH 50% ETc varied from 16.13% to 20.67 and for the water regime 100% ETc from 14.89% to 18.36%. For independent firmness of fertilizations, masses of tubers seeds and water regimes there has been a decrease with the passage of time on the shelf. The water restriction factor (50% ETc regime) was determinant for the reduction of the cycle (75 days), tuber yield, tubercle and small potato tubers classification, and percentage of tradable tubers of potato cv. Orchestra independent of fertilizations and mass of adopted seed tubers. Water regimes along with fertilization had greater influence on the physical-chemical characteristics of potato cv. Orchestra on the shelf changing its post harvest quality. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, productivity, shelf life, drip irrigation.
The results of nutrient analysis and fertilization in potato production and quality are discussed as relevant to the development of crop growth. The potato crop presents excellent responses to localized irrigation, but to be successful. Given the opportunity that culture in the table of customers was aimed at that survey the production and quality of potato under influence of fertilization, mass of tubers, seeds and water regimes. The study was conducted with potato to crop Orchestra. The experimental design was a randomized block design with six replications in subdivided plots with fertilizations in the plot and mass of seed tubers in the subplot, which included 3 levels of fertilization: F1 - conventional fertilization, F2 - fertigation according to uptake of the crop, F3 - fertigation in three times; 2 levels of tuber seed masses: TS1 <50g and TS2> 50g. Higher productivity (48.18 Mg ha-1) and large potato (43.67 Mg ha-1) were obtained in the fertigation treatment and mass of tubers seeds> 50 g (48.61 Mg ha-1 and 42.78 Mg ha-1) in the water regime (RH) 100% ETc. However, for the plants submitted to RH 50% ETc for the variable yield of tubers, no difference (P> 0.05) was observed in the factors of fertilization and mass of seed tubers. Greater efficiency of water use is attributed to RH 50% ETc for tubers seeds greater than 50 g of 39.82 kg m-3 of water. The highest coverage ratio is attributed to tubers under 100% ETc regime with 89 days of cycle length. There was variation of pH, total soluble sugars, dry matter and firmness independent of the water regimes in which the tubers had been exposed. Tubers of potato cv. Orchestra submitted to RH 50% ETc showed higher initial pH independent of fertilization. The water regimes did not have a direct influence on the total soluble sugars content due to the similarity between the contents obtained. The dry matter content for potatoes under RH 50% ETc varied from 16.13% to 20.67 and for the water regime 100% ETc from 14.89% to 18.36%. For independent firmness of fertilizations, masses of tubers seeds and water regimes there has been a decrease with the passage of time on the shelf. The water restriction factor (50% ETc regime) was determinant for the reduction of the cycle (75 days), tuber yield, tubercle and small potato tubers classification, and percentage of tradable tubers of potato cv. Orchestra independent of fertilizations and mass of adopted seed tubers. Water regimes along with fertilization had greater influence on the physical-chemical characteristics of potato cv. Orchestra on the shelf changing its post harvest quality. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, productivity, shelf life, drip irrigation.
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Palavras-chave
Solanum tuberosum, Produtividade, Tempo de prateleira, Irrigação por gotejamento, Solanum tuberosum, Productivity, Shelf life, Drip irrigation