Métodos para estudo das respostas metabólicas de cães e gatos a diferentes alimentos
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Data
2007-07-01
Autores
Carciofi, Aulus Cavalieri [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
Durante o processo de assimilação e uso dos alimentos, diferentes respostas metabólicas podem ser desenvolvidas pelo organismo dos animais. Estas respostas são fruto da integração de mecanismos complexos, que envolvem os sistemas neuro-endócrino e o funcionamento dos órgãos, sendo influenciadas pela dieta, espécie animal, idade, condição fisiológica e composição corporal. Este trabalho enfoca a importância fisiológica e os métodos de estudo das respostas pós-prandiais aos carboidratos, bem como as alterações fisiológicas conseqüentes ao balanço eletrolítico da dieta. A quantidade, estrutura química e processamento industrial do amido determinam boa parte da resposta pós-prandial de glicose e insulina de cães. em gatos, outros mecanismos parecem ser mais importantes, como a ingestão de aminoácidos. A fibra alimentar também altera a resposta pós-prandial ao alimento, devendo ser consideradas sua quantidade, solubilidade e fermentabilidade no desenvolvimento das dietas. Os métodos de estudo destas respostas incluem avaliação das respostas glicêmica e insulínca pós-prandiais, teste endovenoso de tolerância à glicose e à arginina. O clâmp euglicêmico apresenta-se também como ferramenta de estudo, no entanto revela informações mais relacionadas ao animal do que à dieta. A compreensão do conjunto de alterações metabólicas aos carboidratos é importante no estudo do controle da saciedade, composição corporal e inúmeras doenças degenerativas e endócrinas. A concentração e relação entre os macro-elementos da dieta (Na, Cl, K, P, Ca, Mg e S) e dos aminoácidos sulfurados (metionina, cistina e taurina) interferem em inúmeras funções orgânicas, como a cardiovascular, neuromuscular, metabolismo ósseo, renal e pulmonar, refletindo-se no equilíbrio hidro-eletrolítico e ácido-básico orgânicos. de importância prática para cães e gatos encontram-se a relação destes nutrientes com cardiopatias, nefropatias, osteodistrofias e urolitíases. A relação entre os macro-elementos é estabelecida em mmol/kg de matéria seca da dieta, calculando-se seu balanço cátion-ânion (excesso de bases ou ânions dietéticos não determinados). Suas repostas orgânicas são medidas, dentre outros métodos, pela hemogasimetria, balanço hídrico, mensuração do volume dos espaços extracelular e vascular, supersaturação e pH urinários.
During the assimilation and use of food process, the animals' organism can develop different metabolic responses. These responses results of complex integration mechanisms, involving the neuro-endocrine systems and organs activity, were being influenced, besides the diet, for the animal species, age, physiologic condition and corporal composition. In this paper will be discussed the physiologic importance and study methods of carbohydrates post-prandial responses, as well as the physiologic alterations induced by diet electrolytic balance. Amount, chemical composition and industrial processing of starch determine treat part of post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in dogs. In cats other mechanisms seem to be more important, including the ingestion of aminoacids. Besides of starch, the dietary fiber also alters the post-prandial response to food. For fiber, it should be considered its amount, solubility and fermentability in development of the diets. Study methods of these responses include glycemic and insulinic meal response test, and intra-venous glucose and arginine tolerance teste. Euglycemic clamp comes, also, as a study tool, however this information says more about the animal than the diet. The understanding of carbohydrates metabolic alterations is important in the study of satiation control, corporal composition and in several degenerative and endocrine diseases. The concentration and relationship among the macro-elements of diet (Na, Cl, K, P, Ca, Mg and S) and of sulfurated aminoacids (metionine, cistine and taurine) interfere in many organic functions, as cardiovascular, neuromuscular, bone, renal and lung metabolism, being reflected in organic hydro-electrolyte and acid-base balance. of practical importance for dogs and cats are the relationship of these nutrients with heart diseases, kidney diseases, osteodystrophy and urolithiasis. The relationship among these macro-elements is established in mmol/kg of diet dry matter, being calculated its cation-anion balance (undetermined anion value). The organic responses is measured, among other methods, by the blood gas analysis, water balance, mensuration of extracelular and vascular spaces volumes, urine supersaturation and urinary pH.
During the assimilation and use of food process, the animals' organism can develop different metabolic responses. These responses results of complex integration mechanisms, involving the neuro-endocrine systems and organs activity, were being influenced, besides the diet, for the animal species, age, physiologic condition and corporal composition. In this paper will be discussed the physiologic importance and study methods of carbohydrates post-prandial responses, as well as the physiologic alterations induced by diet electrolytic balance. Amount, chemical composition and industrial processing of starch determine treat part of post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in dogs. In cats other mechanisms seem to be more important, including the ingestion of aminoacids. Besides of starch, the dietary fiber also alters the post-prandial response to food. For fiber, it should be considered its amount, solubility and fermentability in development of the diets. Study methods of these responses include glycemic and insulinic meal response test, and intra-venous glucose and arginine tolerance teste. Euglycemic clamp comes, also, as a study tool, however this information says more about the animal than the diet. The understanding of carbohydrates metabolic alterations is important in the study of satiation control, corporal composition and in several degenerative and endocrine diseases. The concentration and relationship among the macro-elements of diet (Na, Cl, K, P, Ca, Mg and S) and of sulfurated aminoacids (metionine, cistine and taurine) interfere in many organic functions, as cardiovascular, neuromuscular, bone, renal and lung metabolism, being reflected in organic hydro-electrolyte and acid-base balance. of practical importance for dogs and cats are the relationship of these nutrients with heart diseases, kidney diseases, osteodystrophy and urolithiasis. The relationship among these macro-elements is established in mmol/kg of diet dry matter, being calculated its cation-anion balance (undetermined anion value). The organic responses is measured, among other methods, by the blood gas analysis, water balance, mensuration of extracelular and vascular spaces volumes, urine supersaturation and urinary pH.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carbohydrate, Glucose, Insulin, Metabolism, pH, Urine, carboidrato, Glicose, Insulina, Metabolismo, pH, Urina
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 36, p. 235-249, 2007.