Desenvolvimento de painéis com partículas orientadas (osb) de bambu
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Data
2019-08-30
Autores
Moizés, Fábio Alexandre
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização dos painéis com partículas orientadas vem crescendo nas últimas décadas em virtude das excelentes características físicas e mecânicas, facilidade no uso e aplicação na construção civil. Paralelamente a fabricação desses produtos não atendem completamente aos requisitos ambientais. Com o intuito de minimizar os efeitos causados principalmente ao meio ambiente a tese teve como objetivo obter painéis para fins não estruturais para o uso interno em condições secas. Foram produzidos painéis do tipo OSB com partículas finas e compridas para a avaliação das características físicas e mecânicas segundo o documento normativo ABNT 14810- 2013 para painéis de média densidade. Para a fabricação dos painéis decidiu-se pelo uso do bambu como uma matéria prima natural renovável com colmos da espécie Bambusa vulgaris, definidos por conta da facilidade de adaptação e reprodução em solos brasileiros. Para a conformação do painel utilizou-se adesivo à base de mamona bi componente, com a vantagem de ser uma resina com alto percentual ecológico. Utilizou-se a coloração para a atribuição de cor nos painéis a partir do processo de tingimento com pigmento natural do urucum e tratamento térmico das partículas a 180° e 200° C em estufa climatizada. Observou-se um ótimo desempenho para os testes físicos na determinação para a umidade, teor de umidade, inchamento após 24 horas e na densidade com a média em torno de 0,74g/cm³. Para os testes mecânicos na determinação da flexão estática e no módulo de elasticidade os resultados demonstraram a sua aplicação para painéis não estruturais e estruturais em áreas secas e úmidas. Para a tração perpendicular e superficial os resultados médios superaram os valores recomendados com 1,239 N/mm² e 1,19 N/mm² respectivamente.
The use of oriented strand boards has been increasing in recent decades due to the excellent physical and mechanical characteristics, ease of use and application in civil construction. At the same time the manufacture of those products does not completely meet the environmental requirements. In order to minimize the main effects caused to the environment the thesis aimed to obtain panels for non-structural purposes for indoor use in dry conditions. OSB panels with fine and long particles were produced for the evaluation of physical and mechanical characteristics according to the ABNT 14810- 2013 normative document for medium density panels. For the manufacture of the panels it was decided to use bamboo as a renewable natural raw material with culms of Bambusa vulgaris species. They were defined because of the ease of adaptation and reproduction in Brazilian soil. For the conformation of the panel it was used a two-component castor-based adhesive, with the advantage of being a resin with high ecological percentage. Staining was used for color assignment in the panels by the dyeing process with natural annatto pigment and heat treatment of the particles at 180°C and 200°C in a climate oven. Optimum performance was observed for physical tests in the determination for moisture, moisture content, swelling after 24 hours and density with the average around 0.74g / cm³. For the mechanical tests in the determination of the static bending and the modulus of elasticity the results demonstrated its application to non-structural and structural panels in dry and wet areas. For perpendicular and superficial traction the average results exceeded the recommended values with 1.239 N/mm² and 1.19 N/mm² respectively
The use of oriented strand boards has been increasing in recent decades due to the excellent physical and mechanical characteristics, ease of use and application in civil construction. At the same time the manufacture of those products does not completely meet the environmental requirements. In order to minimize the main effects caused to the environment the thesis aimed to obtain panels for non-structural purposes for indoor use in dry conditions. OSB panels with fine and long particles were produced for the evaluation of physical and mechanical characteristics according to the ABNT 14810- 2013 normative document for medium density panels. For the manufacture of the panels it was decided to use bamboo as a renewable natural raw material with culms of Bambusa vulgaris species. They were defined because of the ease of adaptation and reproduction in Brazilian soil. For the conformation of the panel it was used a two-component castor-based adhesive, with the advantage of being a resin with high ecological percentage. Staining was used for color assignment in the panels by the dyeing process with natural annatto pigment and heat treatment of the particles at 180°C and 200°C in a climate oven. Optimum performance was observed for physical tests in the determination for moisture, moisture content, swelling after 24 hours and density with the average around 0.74g / cm³. For the mechanical tests in the determination of the static bending and the modulus of elasticity the results demonstrated its application to non-structural and structural panels in dry and wet areas. For perpendicular and superficial traction the average results exceeded the recommended values with 1.239 N/mm² and 1.19 N/mm² respectively
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Palavras-chave
Bambu, Painéis de partículas orientadas, Produção sustentável, Características físicas e mecânicas, Coloração, Bamboo, Oriented strand boards, Sustainable production, Physical and mechanical characteristics, Staining