Aquisição de qualidade fisiológica em sementes de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Data
2019-07-31
Autores
Okada, Mauricio Hideki
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Sementes de alta qualidade fisiológica é pré-requisito para o estabelecimento da cultura e para a produção. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes é adquirida durante o desenvolvimento. O conhecimento sobre quando cada componente da qualidade fisiológica é adquirido durante a fase de maturação da semente permite um ajuste no momento ideal da colheita e consequentemente colheita no período em que a semente se encontra com o máximo de qualidade fisiológica. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a aquisição de germinação, tolerância à dessecação, vigor e longevidade durante a fase de desenvolvimento de duas cultivares de amendoim produzidas em duas safras agrícolas. A produção de sementes de duas cultivares, IAC OL3 e IAC 505 cultivada no ano de 2016/2017 e no ano de 2017/2018 seguida de coleta e caracterização morfológica das sementes nos estádios reprodutivos R5, R6, R7, R8 e R9. Para cada estádio foi determinado o teor de água, massa fresca, massa seca, germinação e o vigor das sementes. O vigor foi determinado pela seguintes avaliações: primeira contagem de germinação, T50, crescimento de raiz e parte aérea, massa de matéria seca de raiz e parte aérea e avaliação de protrusão. Em seguida, as sementes foram submetidas a secagem e foi realizada o teste de germinação para a determinação da aquisição de tolerância à dessecação. As sementes secas foram então armazenadas à 35°C e 75% de umidade relativa, para caracterizar a aquisição de longevidade. A germinação foi iniciada no estádio R5 e atingiu seu máximo no estádio R9. A tolerância à dessecação foi iniciada a partir dos R5 atingindo seu máximo no estádio R9. A aquisição do vigor iniciou-se a partir no estádio R5 atingindo seu máximo nos estádios R8 e R9 e a longevidade foram iniciados a partir do estádio R8 apresentando o máximo no estádio R9. A qualidade fisiológica (germinação, tolerância à dessecação, vigor e longevidade) em sementes de amendoim foi sequencialmente adquirida ao longo do desenvolvimento das sementes
Seeds of high physiological quality are pre-requisite for the establishment of the crop and for the production. The physiological quality of the seeds is acquired during development. Knowledge about when each component of physiological quality is acquird during the maturation phase of the seed allows an adjustment at the ideal time of harvest and consequently harvest in the period in which the seed meets the highest physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and understand the pattern of the acquisition of the components of physiological quality in peanut seeds (germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity). Seed production of two cultivars, IAC OL3 and IAC 505 was carried out in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 followed by collection and morphological characterization of the seeds at the reproductive stages R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9. For each stage the water content, fresh weight, dry weight, germination and vigor on fresh seeds were determined. The vigor was determined by the following evaluations: first germination count, T50, root and shoot growth, root and shoot dry matter mass and protrusion evaluation. Then seeds were submitted to drying and carried out the germination test to determine the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. The dried seeds were then stored at 35°C and 75% relative humidity to characterize the acquisition of longevity. Germination was initiated at the R5 stage and reached its maximum at the R9 stage. The desiccation tolerance was initiated from R5 reaching its maximum in the R9 stage. The vigor was initiated from the R5 stage reaching its maximum at the R8 stage and R9 and the longevity were initiated from the R8 stage with their maximums at the R9 stage. The physiological quality (germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity) in peanut seeds was sequentially acquired throughout seed development.
Seeds of high physiological quality are pre-requisite for the establishment of the crop and for the production. The physiological quality of the seeds is acquired during development. Knowledge about when each component of physiological quality is acquird during the maturation phase of the seed allows an adjustment at the ideal time of harvest and consequently harvest in the period in which the seed meets the highest physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and understand the pattern of the acquisition of the components of physiological quality in peanut seeds (germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity). Seed production of two cultivars, IAC OL3 and IAC 505 was carried out in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 followed by collection and morphological characterization of the seeds at the reproductive stages R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9. For each stage the water content, fresh weight, dry weight, germination and vigor on fresh seeds were determined. The vigor was determined by the following evaluations: first germination count, T50, root and shoot growth, root and shoot dry matter mass and protrusion evaluation. Then seeds were submitted to drying and carried out the germination test to determine the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. The dried seeds were then stored at 35°C and 75% relative humidity to characterize the acquisition of longevity. Germination was initiated at the R5 stage and reached its maximum at the R9 stage. The desiccation tolerance was initiated from R5 reaching its maximum in the R9 stage. The vigor was initiated from the R5 stage reaching its maximum at the R8 stage and R9 and the longevity were initiated from the R8 stage with their maximums at the R9 stage. The physiological quality (germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity) in peanut seeds was sequentially acquired throughout seed development.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Germinação, Tolerância à dessecação, Vigor, Longevidade, Germination, Desiccation tolerance, Longevity