"Não é preconceito, é gosto pessoal": intersecção de marcadores de diferença social em mídias digitais, eventos e fluxos em Bauru/SP
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Data
2019-10-03
Autores
De Cicco, Shelton Ygor Joaquim [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação parte do preconceito entre um e outro gays, denominado “preconceito interpares”, veiculado em relações sociais virtuais e atuais, para descobrir como os agentes criam agenciamentos coletivos para subvertê-lo. Os problemas de pesquisa que este tema suscita são: como este preconceito funciona? Quais cruzamentos de marcadores de diferença social são mobilizados? Que elementos da vida social são acionados? O objetivo principal é estudar e descrever de maneira abrangente como o preconceito interpares funciona entre gays, segundo os marcadores de diferença social (principalmente classe social, cor/etnia/“raça”, gêneros e sexualidades e subsidiariamente escolaridade e pertencimento geracional) para compreender como os agentes rompem com as normativas. O campo de pesquisa foca na cidade de Bauru, no Noroeste paulista, e na população de gays entre 18 e 35 anos de idade. Utiliza de observação participante em locais de sociabilidade de LGBT+. Para dar conta do objeto e do problema, a pesquisa divide-se em dois momentos. Inicialmente, observa o ambiente virtual de uma mídia digital com geoposicionamento, voltada para socialização e relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais da referida população de gays, desenvolvida para telefones inteligentes (aplicativo de smartphones). Em um segundo tempo, analisa os eventos que atraem fluxos de pessoas e desejos até a cidade em questão, notadamente o X encontro da diversidade e o Interunesp, ambos os quais tiveram lugar em Bauru em 2017. Ainda nesta etapa, o pesquisador participa como observador de locais de sociabilidade tais como parques, saunas, centros de compras, cinemas e outros locais de lazer. As técnicas de pesquisa empregadas são entrevistas em profundidade, abordando depoimentos dos interlocutores sobre as mídias digitais, os eventos e a sociabilidade promovida em cada ocasião; e metrificação dos aplicativos segundo as informações publicadas pelos usuários. Do entrecruzamento de eventos sociais atuais, em cinemas, saunas, encontros da diversidade dentre outros, com os dados do aplicativo na cidade sob escrutínio, envida esforços para compreender a fundo as intersecções dos marcadores de diferença social e a percepção dos agentes sobre o tema e o problema. Valoriza os fluxos de pessoas e desejos, devido tanto pela fluidez própria do território virtual como pela especificidade do horizonte teórico aqui privilegiado, qual seja, a teoria deleuze-guattariana. Esta teoria é importante por tratar de fluxos, polaridades e possibilidades de fuga aos binarismos, dando conta de modo mais contundente do funcionamento do fenômeno sob análise aqui e dos acontecimentos concretos selecionados. Autores/as da teoria queer são instados a auxiliar na análise. Também cientistas sociais que analisam as sexualidades no ambiente urbano oferecem ferramentas importantes para estudar territórios e fluxos. Este estudo ainda tem o cuidado de inserir os casos sob escrutínio na conjuntura brasileira atual, em que se pode observar retrocessos de direitos sociais e desmonte do Estado. Por isso mesmo, aborda a percepção política e a atitude dos agentes, neste ponto seguindo os estudos brasileiros sobre política, história e sexualidade no Brasil para compreender os fundamentos históricos das relações sociais brasileiras para com a política. Ao final, espera haver oferecido uma contribuição para o debate que tange à população e ao problema, mostrando a importância de dialogar com os referenciais escolhidos, especialmente na área da antropologia social.
This dissertation starts from the prejudice between gay men, called “between sames prejudice”, conveyed in actual and virtual social relations, to discover how agents create collective agencies to subvert it. The research problems this subject raises are: How does this prejudice work? What intersections of social difference markers are mobilized? What elements of social life are triggered? The main objective is to study and describe how between sames prejudice works among gay men, according to social difference markers (mainly social class, color/ethnicity/“race”, gender and sexuality and, in the alternative, education and generational belonging) to understand how agents break outwards from normativity. The research field focuses on Bauru city, in Northwestern São Paulo State, and the gay population between 18 to 35 years old. It is employed participant observation at LGBT+ sociability sites. To account for the object and the problem, the research is divided into two steps. Initially, it is looked at virtual site of an application of digital media which focuses on socialization and affective-sexual relationships of gay population, developed for smartphones. In a second step, it is analyzed events that attract flows of people and desires to the city in question, notably the 10th meeting of diversity and Interunesp, both of which took place in Bauru in 2017. Still at this stage, the researcher participates as an observer of sociability scenes such as parks, saunas, mall, cinemas and other recreational places. The research techniques used are in-depth interviews, addressing testimonials from interlocutors about digital media, the events and the sociability which are created in each ones; and measurement of applications according to information published in users’s profiles. From intersection of actual social events, in cinemas, saunas, diversity meetings, and others, with the application data in the city under scrutiny, endeavors to understand in depth the intersections of markers of social difference and the agents’s perceptions on the issue and problem. It values flow of people and desires, due both to the fluidity of virtual territory and to specificity of theoretical horizon privileged here, namely Deleuze-Guattarian theory. This theory is important because it deals with flows, polarities, and possibilities of escape from binarism, giving a more powerful account of the functioning of phenomenon under analysis here and of selected concrete events. Queer theory authors are urged to assist in the analysis. Also social scientists who analyze sexualities in the urban locality and offer important tools for studying territories and flows. This study also takes care to insert cases under scrutiny in current Brazilian conjuncture, in which we can observe setbacks of social rights and dismantling of the State. For this very reason, it addresses the political perception and attitude of agents, at this point following the Brazilian studies on politics, history and sexuality in Brazil to understand the historical foundations of Brazilian social relations towards politics. In the end, it is hoped to have contributed to the debate regarding the population and the problem, showing the importance of dialoguing with the chosen references, especially in the area of social anthropology.
This dissertation starts from the prejudice between gay men, called “between sames prejudice”, conveyed in actual and virtual social relations, to discover how agents create collective agencies to subvert it. The research problems this subject raises are: How does this prejudice work? What intersections of social difference markers are mobilized? What elements of social life are triggered? The main objective is to study and describe how between sames prejudice works among gay men, according to social difference markers (mainly social class, color/ethnicity/“race”, gender and sexuality and, in the alternative, education and generational belonging) to understand how agents break outwards from normativity. The research field focuses on Bauru city, in Northwestern São Paulo State, and the gay population between 18 to 35 years old. It is employed participant observation at LGBT+ sociability sites. To account for the object and the problem, the research is divided into two steps. Initially, it is looked at virtual site of an application of digital media which focuses on socialization and affective-sexual relationships of gay population, developed for smartphones. In a second step, it is analyzed events that attract flows of people and desires to the city in question, notably the 10th meeting of diversity and Interunesp, both of which took place in Bauru in 2017. Still at this stage, the researcher participates as an observer of sociability scenes such as parks, saunas, mall, cinemas and other recreational places. The research techniques used are in-depth interviews, addressing testimonials from interlocutors about digital media, the events and the sociability which are created in each ones; and measurement of applications according to information published in users’s profiles. From intersection of actual social events, in cinemas, saunas, diversity meetings, and others, with the application data in the city under scrutiny, endeavors to understand in depth the intersections of markers of social difference and the agents’s perceptions on the issue and problem. It values flow of people and desires, due both to the fluidity of virtual territory and to specificity of theoretical horizon privileged here, namely Deleuze-Guattarian theory. This theory is important because it deals with flows, polarities, and possibilities of escape from binarism, giving a more powerful account of the functioning of phenomenon under analysis here and of selected concrete events. Queer theory authors are urged to assist in the analysis. Also social scientists who analyze sexualities in the urban locality and offer important tools for studying territories and flows. This study also takes care to insert cases under scrutiny in current Brazilian conjuncture, in which we can observe setbacks of social rights and dismantling of the State. For this very reason, it addresses the political perception and attitude of agents, at this point following the Brazilian studies on politics, history and sexuality in Brazil to understand the historical foundations of Brazilian social relations towards politics. In the end, it is hoped to have contributed to the debate regarding the population and the problem, showing the importance of dialoguing with the chosen references, especially in the area of social anthropology.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gays, Mídias digitais, Marcadores de diferença social, Social media, Social difference markers