Atividade inseticida, pró-oxidativa, citotóxica e microencapsulação de extratos e frações de Tagetes erecta L. e Tagetes patula L.
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Data
2019-09-16
Autores
Santos, Pamela Cristina e
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é considerado um dos maiores consumidores de agrotóxicos do mundo, pesquisas científicas básicas e aplicadas indicam a utilização de produtos de origem vegetal associados a correta utilização dos agrotóxicos como alternativa aos danos causados por estes produtos. Importante ressaltar que a descoberta de novos compostos bioativos possibilitaria a síntese de produtos para o controle de insetos-praga. Espécies vegetais vêm sendo estudadas para este fim, e dentre estas, destaca-se algumas do gênero Tagetes. Pertencentes à família Asteraceae, as espécies deste gênero são utilizadas como alternativa para o controle de pragas e doenças devido à composição química dos seus metabolitos secundários como compostos fenólicos, tiofenos e alcalóides. Além da busca por novos compostos, faz-se necessários estudos relativos quanto a melhor forma de liberação deles e outras medidas que favoreçam a aplicabilidade desses produtos de modo a atender as necessidades econômicas e ambientais da atualidade. Diante disso, a partir do presente estudo, objetiva-se avaliar a atividade inseticida dos extratos, frações e óleos essências de Tagetes spp. sobre Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky e Spodoptera frugiperda Smith; atividade pró-oxidativa por meio da mobilidade relativa em eletroforese; determinar a atividade antioxidante e antiproliferativa em linhagens celulares tumorais, também analisar qualitativamente fenóis e flavonoides totais dos extratos e frações de T. erecta e T. patula; desenvolver e caracterizar lipossomas contendo extratos e frações de T. erecta e T. patula, e por fim realizar a caracterização fitoquímica dos extratos por CLAE e dos óleos essenciais por CG-EM. Mediante os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que as espécies T. erecta e T. patula apresentaram atividade antioxidante, como também foi evidenciado a presença de fenóis e flavonoides nas amostras avaliadas; os extratos e frações das duas espécies estudadas apresentaram potencial citotóxico e antiproliferativo nas linhagens de células avaliadas; os extratos e óleos essenciais das espécies testadas apresentaram potencial efeito inseticida sobre o inseto Sitophilus zeamais, como também afetou significativamente a viabilidade larval de Spodoptera frugiperda; quanto ao potencial oxidativo os extratos brutos apresentaram degradação da proteína utilizada; já para a caracterização dos lipossomas foi possível concluir que houve a formação das vesículas lipossomais contendo extratos ou frações de T. erecta e T. patula, e que os lipossomas não interferiram significativamente na atividade inseticida sobre Sitophilus zeamais em comparação a atividade inseticida apresentada pelos extratos e frações não microencapsulados; os resultados obtidos na caracterização fitoquímica dos extratos de Tagetes spp. por CLAE/EM demonstraram que os mesmos são ricos em compostos flavonoídicos e quanto aos óleos essenciais, foi demonstrado que os mesmos são ricos em compostos monoterpênicos.
Brazil is considered one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world, basic scientific research and applied to products of plant origin associated with the correct use of pesticides as an alternative to the damage caused by these products. Importantly, the discovery of new bioactive compounds enables the exposure of pest insect control products. Plant species that have been studied for this purpose, and among these, reducing some genera of Tagetes. Belonging to the Asteraceae family, as species of this genus they are used as an alternative for disease and pest control due to the chemical composition of their secondary metabolites as phenolic compounds, thiophenes and alkaloids. In addition to researching new compounds, it studies how much better release and other measures that favor the application of these products to meet current economic and environmental needs. Therefore, from this study, the objective is to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts, fractions and essential oils of Tagetes spp. Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Spodoptera frugiperda Smith; prooxidative activity through relative mobility in electrophoresis; to determine antioxidant and antiproliferative activity in tumor cell lines, also to qualitatively analyze phenols and total flavonoids of extracts and fractions of T. erecta and T. patula; develop and characterize liposomes containing extracts and fractions of T. erecta and T. patula, and finally perform the phytochemical characterization of extracts by HPLC and essential oils by GC-MS. From the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that the T. ereta and T. patula species presented antioxidant activity, as it was also evidenced in the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the available samples; the extracts and fractions of the two studied species presented cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential in the evaluated cell lines; The extracts and essential oils of the tested species showed potential insecticidal effect on the insect Sitophilus zeamais, as well as affecting the larval viability of Spodoptera frugiperda; how much oxidative potential of crude extracts detected the degradation of the protein used; For the characterization of liposomes it was possible to conclude that there was formation of fat soluble vesicles, including extractions or fractions of T. erecta and T. patula, and that liposomes did not interfere with insecticidal activity on Sitophilus zeamais compared to insecticidal activity and non-microencapsulated fractions; the results obtained in the phytochemical characterization of Tagetes spp. by HPLC / MS showed that they are rich in flavonoid compounds and as for the essential oils, it was shown that they are rich in monoterpenic compounds.
Brazil is considered one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world, basic scientific research and applied to products of plant origin associated with the correct use of pesticides as an alternative to the damage caused by these products. Importantly, the discovery of new bioactive compounds enables the exposure of pest insect control products. Plant species that have been studied for this purpose, and among these, reducing some genera of Tagetes. Belonging to the Asteraceae family, as species of this genus they are used as an alternative for disease and pest control due to the chemical composition of their secondary metabolites as phenolic compounds, thiophenes and alkaloids. In addition to researching new compounds, it studies how much better release and other measures that favor the application of these products to meet current economic and environmental needs. Therefore, from this study, the objective is to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts, fractions and essential oils of Tagetes spp. Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Spodoptera frugiperda Smith; prooxidative activity through relative mobility in electrophoresis; to determine antioxidant and antiproliferative activity in tumor cell lines, also to qualitatively analyze phenols and total flavonoids of extracts and fractions of T. erecta and T. patula; develop and characterize liposomes containing extracts and fractions of T. erecta and T. patula, and finally perform the phytochemical characterization of extracts by HPLC and essential oils by GC-MS. From the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that the T. ereta and T. patula species presented antioxidant activity, as it was also evidenced in the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the available samples; the extracts and fractions of the two studied species presented cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential in the evaluated cell lines; The extracts and essential oils of the tested species showed potential insecticidal effect on the insect Sitophilus zeamais, as well as affecting the larval viability of Spodoptera frugiperda; how much oxidative potential of crude extracts detected the degradation of the protein used; For the characterization of liposomes it was possible to conclude that there was formation of fat soluble vesicles, including extractions or fractions of T. erecta and T. patula, and that liposomes did not interfere with insecticidal activity on Sitophilus zeamais compared to insecticidal activity and non-microencapsulated fractions; the results obtained in the phytochemical characterization of Tagetes spp. by HPLC / MS showed that they are rich in flavonoid compounds and as for the essential oils, it was shown that they are rich in monoterpenic compounds.
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Palavras-chave
Sitophilus zeamais, Inseticidas botânicos, Pragas agrícolas, Lipossomas, Células cancerosas