Perfil e tendências da cultura da laranja dentro do cinturão citrícola (São Paulo e Triângulo/Sudoeste Mineiro) para o citricultor
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Data
2019-08-29
Autores
Guerreiro Neto, Gerônimo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi retratar, identificar e analisar a percepção do produtor de laranja do Estado de São Paulo e do Triângulo/Sudoeste Mineiro, por estratos de número de plantas, por região, com relação aos fatores que envolvem a produção, bem como sua satisfação com a cultura. Metodologia/Procedimentos de Pesquisa: O objetivo do trabalho teve como princípio uma pesquisa de campo na obtenção de dados primários da produção da laranja na percepção do citricultor. Para isso, se fez uso de entrevistas com produtores de laranja através de questionários, com questões fechadas, através de um equipamento eletrônico “tablet”. As propriedades que fizeram parte da pesquisa, pertencem ao cadastro de uma empresa processadora de suco de laranja, em uma população de 922 unidades. A amostras (propriedades que sofreram a pesquisa), num total de 272, foram obtidas através de um sorteio aleatório, respeitando uma estratificação por regiões estabelecidas pelo Fundecitrus (12 no total), e tamanho das propriedades por número de plantas (até 20.000 plantas, de 20.001 até 100.000 plantas e maiores que 100.000 plantas). A pesquisa tem um erro amostral de 5% e nível de confiança de 93%. Os questionários respondidos nos tablets foram canalizados à uma base em Excel, sendo na sequência efetuado as tabulações e análises das variáveis envolvidas na pesquisa. Resultados e Discussões: Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que os produtores de laranja estão satisfeitos com a cultura nas últimas três safras. Essa satisfação é identificada na medida em que os mesmos não pretendem, em sua maioria, trocar a laranja por uma outra cultura. Também a percepção ao serem questionados da maior atratividade econômica da laranja em relação as culturas concorrentes em sua região de plantio. Contudo, a pesquisa identifica que produtores de maior porte são mais organizados e produtivos em relação aos de menor porte, além de estarem mais propensos a efetuarem novos plantios, em relação aos produtores pequenos - indicativo forte de satisfação com a cultura. Implicações Gerenciais Aplicadas: O entendimento do panorama atual da produção da laranja e das tendências no futuro, na percepção do produtor, tem fundamental importância à todos os envolvidos com a cultura. Enfatizando a importância destas informações para as empresas que compram a matéria prima (laranja), entenderem este processo com relação aos seus fornecedores no intuito de manter ou ampliar a oferta de matéria prima. Conclusões: Foi possível, mediante a pesquisa, retratar o perfil da produção da laranja dentro do Cinturão Citrícola, identificando mudanças profundas nos indicadores da produção, tais como: diminuição da área colhida e aumento na produtividade dos pomares. Quanto a pesquisa de campo, junto aos produtores, foi diagnosticado que estão satisfeitos com a cultura nas últimas 3 safras, principalmente pelo fato de pontuarem nas entrevistas que a laranja foi mais rentável que as culturas concorrentes da região. É percebido também que produtores de maior tamanho são mais produtivos, organizados e tem uma propensão maior que os pequenos em fazer novos plantios de laranja. Originalidade: A pesquisa se mostra importante e original, pois não existem estudos recentes sobre como entender as percepções dos produtores de laranja com relação as principais variáveis relacionadas a produção. As entrevistas foram realizadas respaldando-se em critérios estatísticos de amostragem com o intuito de incrementar a validade de suas constatações. O universo da amostra concentrou-se na maior região produtora de laranja do país.
Goal: The objective of this research was to portray, identify and analyze the perception of the orange grower of the State of São Paulo and of the, Triangle/Southwest Mineiro by plant numbers, by region, regarding the factors that involve the production, as well as their satisfaction with the culture. Research Methodology/Procedures: The objective of this work was based on a field research in obtaining primary data of orange production in the perception of the citrus grower. For this, interviews were made with orange growers through questionnaires, with closed questions, through a tablet electronic device. The properties that were part of the research belong to the register of an orange juice processing company, in a population of 922 units. Samples (surveyed properties), totaling 272, were obtained by random draw, respecting stratification by regions established by Fundecitrus (12 in total), and property size by number of plants (up to 20,000 plants, from 20,001 to 100,000 plants and larger than 100,000 plants). The survey has a sampling error of 5% and a confidence level of 93%. The questionnaires answered on the tablets were channeled to an Excel base, followed by tabulations, analyzes and relevant correlations of the variables involved in the research. Results and Discussions: The survey results show that orange growers are satisfied with the crop in the last three harvests. This satisfaction is identified to the extent that they mostly do not intend to exchange the orange for another culture. Also the perception when questioned of the greater economic attractiveness of orange in relation to competing crops in their planting region. However, the research identifies that larger producers are more organized and productive compared to smaller ones, and are more likely to make new plantings than small producers - a strong indication of satisfaction with the crop. Applied Management Implications: Understanding the current panorama of orange production and future trends, in the perception of the producer, is of fundamental importance to all involved with the crop. Emphasizing the importance of this information for companies that buy the raw material (orange), understand this process in relation to their suppliers in order to maintain or expand the supply of raw material. Conclusions: It was possible, through the research, to portray the orange production profile within the Citrus Belt, identifying profound changes in the production indicators, such as: reduction in harvested area and increase in orchard productivity. As for the field research, with the producers, it was diagnosed that they are satisfied with the crop in the last 3 seasons, mainly because they pointed out in the interviews that the orange was more profitable than the competing crops of the region. It is also noticed that larger producers are more productive, organized and have a greater propensity than small ones to make new orange plantations. Originality: The research is important and original, as there are no recent studies on how to understand the perceptions of orange growers regarding the main variables related to production. The interviews were conducted based on statistical sampling criteria in order to increase the validity of their findings. The universe of the sample was concentrated in the largest orange producing region of the country.
Goal: The objective of this research was to portray, identify and analyze the perception of the orange grower of the State of São Paulo and of the, Triangle/Southwest Mineiro by plant numbers, by region, regarding the factors that involve the production, as well as their satisfaction with the culture. Research Methodology/Procedures: The objective of this work was based on a field research in obtaining primary data of orange production in the perception of the citrus grower. For this, interviews were made with orange growers through questionnaires, with closed questions, through a tablet electronic device. The properties that were part of the research belong to the register of an orange juice processing company, in a population of 922 units. Samples (surveyed properties), totaling 272, were obtained by random draw, respecting stratification by regions established by Fundecitrus (12 in total), and property size by number of plants (up to 20,000 plants, from 20,001 to 100,000 plants and larger than 100,000 plants). The survey has a sampling error of 5% and a confidence level of 93%. The questionnaires answered on the tablets were channeled to an Excel base, followed by tabulations, analyzes and relevant correlations of the variables involved in the research. Results and Discussions: The survey results show that orange growers are satisfied with the crop in the last three harvests. This satisfaction is identified to the extent that they mostly do not intend to exchange the orange for another culture. Also the perception when questioned of the greater economic attractiveness of orange in relation to competing crops in their planting region. However, the research identifies that larger producers are more organized and productive compared to smaller ones, and are more likely to make new plantings than small producers - a strong indication of satisfaction with the crop. Applied Management Implications: Understanding the current panorama of orange production and future trends, in the perception of the producer, is of fundamental importance to all involved with the crop. Emphasizing the importance of this information for companies that buy the raw material (orange), understand this process in relation to their suppliers in order to maintain or expand the supply of raw material. Conclusions: It was possible, through the research, to portray the orange production profile within the Citrus Belt, identifying profound changes in the production indicators, such as: reduction in harvested area and increase in orchard productivity. As for the field research, with the producers, it was diagnosed that they are satisfied with the crop in the last 3 seasons, mainly because they pointed out in the interviews that the orange was more profitable than the competing crops of the region. It is also noticed that larger producers are more productive, organized and have a greater propensity than small ones to make new orange plantations. Originality: The research is important and original, as there are no recent studies on how to understand the perceptions of orange growers regarding the main variables related to production. The interviews were conducted based on statistical sampling criteria in order to increase the validity of their findings. The universe of the sample was concentrated in the largest orange producing region of the country.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Clima, Comercialização, Culturas substitutas, Fitossanidades, Gestão dos custos, Satisfação com a laranja, Orange production, Greening, Orange satisfaction, Climate