A cooperação internacional na governança dos recursos hídricos no Brasil: o papel do Banco Mundial e o Programa Interáguas
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Data
2019-09-12
Autores
Bianchini, Guilherme Correa
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão de recursos naturais estratégicos é fundamental, principalmente no que tange a gestão de recursos hídricos. A indispensabilidade destes para a vida e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável tornou a água um dos principais objetos de discussões internacionais sobre o meio ambiente, sendo a sua preservação um objetivo primordial na adoção de políticas públicas para a gestão sustentável na agenda global. No Brasil, a resposta às tendências internacionais foi a promulgação da Lei nº 9.433 de 1997, que instaurou a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. Com esta, foram definidas as diretrizes para a gestão integrada e participativa de tais recursos por meio de uma série de instrumentos de gestão e um complexo arranjo institucional baseado na descentralização política da gestão. Porém, com a implementação da política, surgem novos desafios, dentre eles problemas participativos, dificuldades de coordenação intersetorial e institucional, e dificuldades financeiras. O Banco Mundial é um parceiro do governo brasileiro no financiamento de projetos de gestão hídrica há décadas e, atualmente, no âmbito da nova política, tem financiado uma série de programas no setor dos recursos hídricos, por meio da cooperação técnica internacional. O Programa Interáguas, que é um fator central nesta pesquisa, resultou de uma parceria entre o governo brasileiro e o Banco Mundial com a intenção de sanar diversos problemas na aplicação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, desenvolvendo e coordenando o setor água com os demais setores e fortalecendo as capacidades institucionais do setor. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo uma análise da cooperação técnica internacional entre o Brasil e o Banco Mundial na implementação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos por meio do Programa Interáguas. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa para elaborar a análise e descrever a situação em questão, tendo como base a literatura, textos legais, documentos oficiais de instituições governamentais e do Banco Mundial, bem como os relatórios divulgados pena Agência Nacional de Águas e pelo Banco Mundial sobre o Programa Interáguas.
The management of strategic natural resources is fundamental, especially regarding the management of water resources. Their indispensability for life and sustainable socioeconomic development has made water one of the main objects of international discussions on the environment, and its preservation is a primary objective in the adoption of public policies for sustainable management on the global agenda. In Brazil, the response to international trends was the inactment of Law No. 9.433 of 1997, which established the National Water Resouces Policy. With this, the guidelines for the integrated and participatory management of such resources were defined through a series of management instruments and a complex institutional arrangement based on political descentralization of management. However, with the implementation of the policy, new challenges arise, including participatory problems, difficulties in intersectoral and institutional coordination, and financial difficulties. The World Bank has been a partner of the Bazilian government in financing water management projects for decades and currently, under the new policy, it has funded a number of programs in the water sector through international technical cooperation. The Interáguas Program, which is a central factor in this research, resulted from a partnership between the Brazilian government and the World Bank aiming to solve various problems in the application of the National Water Resources Policy, developing and coordinating the water sector with the other sectors, and strenghtening the institutional capacities of the sector. Thus, this paper aimed to analyze the international technical cooperation between Brazil and the World Bank in the implementation of the National Water Resources Policy through the Interáguas Program. To this end, the qualitative methodology was used to prepare the analysis and describe the situation in question, based on the literature, legal texts, official documents of government institutions and the World Bank, as well as the reports released by the National Water Agency and the World Bank on the Interáguas Program.
The management of strategic natural resources is fundamental, especially regarding the management of water resources. Their indispensability for life and sustainable socioeconomic development has made water one of the main objects of international discussions on the environment, and its preservation is a primary objective in the adoption of public policies for sustainable management on the global agenda. In Brazil, the response to international trends was the inactment of Law No. 9.433 of 1997, which established the National Water Resouces Policy. With this, the guidelines for the integrated and participatory management of such resources were defined through a series of management instruments and a complex institutional arrangement based on political descentralization of management. However, with the implementation of the policy, new challenges arise, including participatory problems, difficulties in intersectoral and institutional coordination, and financial difficulties. The World Bank has been a partner of the Bazilian government in financing water management projects for decades and currently, under the new policy, it has funded a number of programs in the water sector through international technical cooperation. The Interáguas Program, which is a central factor in this research, resulted from a partnership between the Brazilian government and the World Bank aiming to solve various problems in the application of the National Water Resources Policy, developing and coordinating the water sector with the other sectors, and strenghtening the institutional capacities of the sector. Thus, this paper aimed to analyze the international technical cooperation between Brazil and the World Bank in the implementation of the National Water Resources Policy through the Interáguas Program. To this end, the qualitative methodology was used to prepare the analysis and describe the situation in question, based on the literature, legal texts, official documents of government institutions and the World Bank, as well as the reports released by the National Water Agency and the World Bank on the Interáguas Program.
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Palavras-chave
Governança dos Recursos Hídricos, Banco Mundial, Cooperação Técnica Internacional, Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, Programa Interáguas, Water Resources Governance, World Bank, International Technical Cooperation, National Water Resources Policy, Interáguas Program