Fundamentação termodinâmica da teoria quântica: subsídios históricos, de Boltzmann a Poincaré, e computacionais para o ensino de Ciências
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2019-11-22
Autores
Rosa, Pedro Sérgio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo procura contribuir, primeiramente com a historiografia da ciência, mostrando quais foram os fundamentos teóricos que proporcionaram à física construir um novo modelo matemático para explicar os fenômenos microfísicos. Em seguida, observamos que os recursos computacionais de modelagem matemática aplicada à física podem contribuir estreitando as relações entre o ensino e a aprendizagem da física. Partindo da análise histórica dos artigos originais (fontes primárias) procuramos narrar, com o rigor natural que a história da ciência exige, a origem da Mecânica Quântica a partir dos fundamentos da termodinâmica. Identificamos quais foram as motivações que fizeram com que dois grandes pensadores da ciência, Boltzmann e Poincaré nos legassem um arcabouço de ideias originais que promoveram o avanço e a modificação completa da Mecânica Clássica, transformando-a em Mecânica Quântica “a partir” de Planck. Investigando a história da teoria ondulatória do calor mostramos que o éter exerceu um papel fundamental na óptica, mas não o fez na termodinâmica, embora Poincaré o quisesse presente ainda em 1912, mesmo que experimentos fundamentais tivessem mostrado a sua ausência. Este texto pode contribuir também como suporte e auxílio no ensino da termodinâmica e seus fundamentos no nível superior, permitindo a estudantes e professores obterem uma visão mais clara sobre a origem da Mecânica Quântica.
This study seeks to contribute, firstly with the historiography of science, showing what were the theoretical foundations that enabled physics to construct a new mathematical model to explain the microphysical phenomena. We then, observe that the computational resources of mathematical modeling applied to physics can contribute to narrow the relations between teaching and learning of physics. Starting from the historical analysis of the original articles (primary sources) we seek to narrate with the natural rigor that the history of science demands, the origin of the Quantum Mechanics from the foundations of the thermodynamics. We identified the motivations that lead two great thinkers of science, Boltzmann and Poincaré, to give us a framework of original ideas that promoted the advance and complete modification of Classical Mechanics, transforming it into Quantum Mechanics “from” Planck. Investigating the history of the wave theory of heat we have shown that the ether played a fundamental role in optics, but didn’t do it in thermodynamics, although Poincaré wanted to present it still in 1912, even though fundamental experiments had shown its absence. This text can also contribute as support and aid in the teaching of thermodynamics and its fundamentals at the higher level, allowing students and teachers to get a clearer view on the origin of Quantum Mechanics
This study seeks to contribute, firstly with the historiography of science, showing what were the theoretical foundations that enabled physics to construct a new mathematical model to explain the microphysical phenomena. We then, observe that the computational resources of mathematical modeling applied to physics can contribute to narrow the relations between teaching and learning of physics. Starting from the historical analysis of the original articles (primary sources) we seek to narrate with the natural rigor that the history of science demands, the origin of the Quantum Mechanics from the foundations of the thermodynamics. We identified the motivations that lead two great thinkers of science, Boltzmann and Poincaré, to give us a framework of original ideas that promoted the advance and complete modification of Classical Mechanics, transforming it into Quantum Mechanics “from” Planck. Investigating the history of the wave theory of heat we have shown that the ether played a fundamental role in optics, but didn’t do it in thermodynamics, although Poincaré wanted to present it still in 1912, even though fundamental experiments had shown its absence. This text can also contribute as support and aid in the teaching of thermodynamics and its fundamentals at the higher level, allowing students and teachers to get a clearer view on the origin of Quantum Mechanics
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Ensino de Física, Éter, Termodinâmica estatística, Mecânica quântica, Modelagem matemática, Physics teaching, Ether, Statistical thermodynamics, Quantum mechanics, Mathematical modeling