Justiça Restaurativa: origem, desenvolvimento e fundamentos
Data
2019-11-25
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação tem objetivo geral de contribuir para compreensão da Justiça Restaurativa no Brasil numa perspectiva crítica do Sistema de Justiça, com o encaminhamento para uma vertente transformadora da forma de solucionar o conflito a partir de paradigmas restaurativos. O reconhecimento da distância entre a previsão de direitos e sua concretização, bem como a inadequação dos meios para efetivação de direito ensejaram movimentos alternativos, como a Justiça Restaurativa, em busca de respostas mais adequadas na afirmação de direitos, aqui o de acesso à Justiça na sua concepção substancial. Utiliza-se a metodologia dialética de Marx para percorrer o objeto da pesquisa numa dinâmica reflexiva entre a realidade e teoria do Sistema de Justiça na resolução de conflitos, contextualizando o surgindo e desenvolvimento da metodologia da Justiça Restaurativa, desde as primeiras manifestações influenciadas por práticas usadas por povos tradicionais para elaboração de conflitos de membros da comunidade, a captação e o fomento pela Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU, conclamando os Estados membros a investirem em pesquisas e práticas restaurativas, e o envolvimento oficial do Brasil no tema, em 2005, a partir da iniciativa do Ministério da Justiça, por meio da Secretaria da Reforma do Judiciário em parceria com o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento – PNUD, na implementação de três projetos-piloto no Judiciário, e mais recentemente, a participação do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que contribuiu incisivamente para sua difusão, especialmente após a edição da Resolução 225/2016 do CNJ. São delineados, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, alguns princípios e valores que sustentam e movimentam a Justiça Restaurativa, e que compõe o núcleo transformador que a prática propõe. Consubstanciada essencialmente num procedimento de comunicação inclusivo, cuidadosamente conduzido por valores que favoreçam o comprometimento dos envolvidos na construção consensual de decisões para responsabilização, reparação de danos e restauração de relacionamentos afetados pelo conflito. Apresenta-se as principais metodologias que influenciaram o modelo de Justiça Restaurativa e, para fins de uma aproximação com a prática desta metodologia, o desenvolvimento da Justiça Restaurativa no Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, com os desafios que a práxis impõe para superação de eventuais distorções e o avanço sustentável da metodologia.
This dissertation has the general objective of contributing to the comprehension of Restorative Justice in Brazil from a critical perspective of the Justice System, with the referral to a transformative aspect of how to elaborate the conflict based on restorative paradigms. The recognition of the distance between the prediction of rights and its realization, as well as the inadequacy of the means for the realization of the right, led to alternative movements, such as Restorative Justice, in search of more adequate answers in the affirmation of rights, here the access to Justice in its substantial conception. To reach the general objective, this research goes through the development of the Restorative Justice methodology, from the first manifestations influenced by practices used by traditional peoples to elaborate conflicts of community members, the capture and the promotion by the United Nations - UN, urging member states to invest in restorative research and practices, and Brazil's official involvement in the issue in 2005, through the initiative of the Ministry of Justice, through the Judicial Reform Secretariat in partnership with the United Nations Program for o Development - UNDP, in the implementation of three pilot projects in the judiciary, and more recently, the participation of the National Council of Justice, which contributed decisively to their dissemination, especially after the issue of CNJ Resolution 225/2016. Through bibliographical and documentary research, some principles and values that underpin and move the Restorative Justice are outlined, and that make up the transformative core that the practice proposes. Essentially embodied in an inclusive communication procedure, carefully driven by values that favor the commitment of those involved in the consensus building of decisions for accountability, damage repair and restoration of relationships affected by conflict. The main methodologies that influenced the Restorative Justice model are presented and, for the purpose of approximation with the practice of this methodology, the development of Restorative Justice in the Court of Justice of São Paulo, with the challenges that praxis imposes to overcome eventual distortions and the sustainable advance of the methodology.
This dissertation has the general objective of contributing to the comprehension of Restorative Justice in Brazil from a critical perspective of the Justice System, with the referral to a transformative aspect of how to elaborate the conflict based on restorative paradigms. The recognition of the distance between the prediction of rights and its realization, as well as the inadequacy of the means for the realization of the right, led to alternative movements, such as Restorative Justice, in search of more adequate answers in the affirmation of rights, here the access to Justice in its substantial conception. To reach the general objective, this research goes through the development of the Restorative Justice methodology, from the first manifestations influenced by practices used by traditional peoples to elaborate conflicts of community members, the capture and the promotion by the United Nations - UN, urging member states to invest in restorative research and practices, and Brazil's official involvement in the issue in 2005, through the initiative of the Ministry of Justice, through the Judicial Reform Secretariat in partnership with the United Nations Program for o Development - UNDP, in the implementation of three pilot projects in the judiciary, and more recently, the participation of the National Council of Justice, which contributed decisively to their dissemination, especially after the issue of CNJ Resolution 225/2016. Through bibliographical and documentary research, some principles and values that underpin and move the Restorative Justice are outlined, and that make up the transformative core that the practice proposes. Essentially embodied in an inclusive communication procedure, carefully driven by values that favor the commitment of those involved in the consensus building of decisions for accountability, damage repair and restoration of relationships affected by conflict. The main methodologies that influenced the Restorative Justice model are presented and, for the purpose of approximation with the practice of this methodology, the development of Restorative Justice in the Court of Justice of São Paulo, with the challenges that praxis imposes to overcome eventual distortions and the sustainable advance of the methodology.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Justiça Restaurativa, Decisão Consensual, Emancipação, Reparação de Danos, Restorative Justice, Consensual decision, Emancipation, Demange repair