A singularidade da teoria da prudência na ética nicomaqueia de Aristóteles
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Data
2020-01-16
Autores
Araújo, Marcos Henrique de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A finalidade desta pesquisa é investigar a respeito da teoria da prudência, a partir do conteúdo do Livro VI da obra aristotélica Ética a Nicômaco, os motivos e implicações que levaram o filósofo de Estagira a enaltecer o conceito de prudência como virtude distinta da sabedoria. A originalidade do filósofo será apresentada em contraste evidente com as tradições éticas que o antecederam. Aristóteles figura entre os mais destacados escritores na área dos estudos filosóficos. Sua fama se deve, em grande parte, por sua vasta produção literária e pelo conteúdo altamente original e inovador, tanto no campo da metafísica, como da retórica, da poética e da ética como também pelo legado que ele deixou para a filosofia até a contemporaneidade. É também no campo da ética que sua capacidade inovadora se mostrou decisiva por inserir em sua teoria da prudência algumas diferenças significativas em relação às escolas filosóficas que o precederam. Discutiremos não somente o sentido da prudência, tencionado pelo filósofo, mas também como esta nova abordagem interfere na forma de se conceber a relação entre virtude ética e intelectual, felicidade, deliberação e mediania. Discorreremos sobre as vias propostas por Aristóteles para o agente moral alcançar o bem supremo da vida, a felicidade, e como a prudência exerce um papel de suma importância na assim denominada via virtuosa. Daremos evidente ênfase à via virtuosa sem descuidar de discorrer, ainda que de forma sucinta, a respeito da via contemplativa. Investigaremos também temas correlatos tais como sabedoria teórica, técnica, ciência e métodos de conhecimento, disposições éticas, educação do agente moral e o papel da experiência na formação do caráter e da estabilidade moral. A vida contingente, mais do que a realidade imutável será objeto de nossas mais extensas investigações. Ao discorrer sobre as implicações decorrentes da teoria da prudência na Ética Nicomaqueia de Aristóteles daremos atenção especial a casos nomeados pelo filósofo como paradigmáticos – Príamo, Tales, Anaxágoras e Péricles – para, a partir deles tecer considerações e investigar, tanto quanto possível as diversas e intrincadas relações que a prudência tem com a busca pela felicidade, a atividade contemplativa e a vida política bem como a possibilidade ou impossibilidade de se aprender e ensinar a virtude, em especial a virtude da prudência.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the theory of prudence, from the contents of Book VI of Aristotelian work Ethics to Nicomachus, the reasons and implications that led the philosopher of Estagira to praise the concept of prudence as a virtue distinct from wisdom. The philosopher's originality will be presented in stark contrast to the ethical traditions that preceded him. Aristotle is among the most outstanding writers in the field of philosophical studies. His fame is due in large part to his vast literary production and highly original and innovative content, both in the field of metaphysics, rhetoric, poetics and ethics, as well as the legacy he left to philosophy until contemporary times. It is also in the field of ethics that its innovative capacity proved decisive in inserting in its prudence theory some significant differences from the philosophical schools that preceded it. We will discuss not only the sense of prudence intended by the philosopher, but also how this new approach interferes with the way of conceiving the relationship between virtue, happiness, deliberation and mediation. We will discuss the ways Aristotle proposed for the moral agent to attain the supreme good of life, happiness, and how prudence plays a major role in the so-called virtuous way. We will clearly emphasize the virtuous way without neglecting to discuss, albeit briefly, the contemplative way. We will also investigate related subjects such as theoretical wisdom, technique, science and methods of knowledge, ethical dispositions, education of the moral people, and the role of experience in shaping character and moral stability. Contingent life rather than immutable reality will be the object of our most extensive investigations. In discussing the implications of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethical Prudence Theory we will give special attention to cases named by the philosopher as paradigmatics - Priam, Tales, Anaxagoras, and Pericles - so as to make possible consideration and investigate the various and the intricate relationships that prudence has with the pursuit of happiness, contemplative activity, and political life, as well as the possibility or impossibility of learning and teaching virtue, especially the virtue of prudence.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the theory of prudence, from the contents of Book VI of Aristotelian work Ethics to Nicomachus, the reasons and implications that led the philosopher of Estagira to praise the concept of prudence as a virtue distinct from wisdom. The philosopher's originality will be presented in stark contrast to the ethical traditions that preceded him. Aristotle is among the most outstanding writers in the field of philosophical studies. His fame is due in large part to his vast literary production and highly original and innovative content, both in the field of metaphysics, rhetoric, poetics and ethics, as well as the legacy he left to philosophy until contemporary times. It is also in the field of ethics that its innovative capacity proved decisive in inserting in its prudence theory some significant differences from the philosophical schools that preceded it. We will discuss not only the sense of prudence intended by the philosopher, but also how this new approach interferes with the way of conceiving the relationship between virtue, happiness, deliberation and mediation. We will discuss the ways Aristotle proposed for the moral agent to attain the supreme good of life, happiness, and how prudence plays a major role in the so-called virtuous way. We will clearly emphasize the virtuous way without neglecting to discuss, albeit briefly, the contemplative way. We will also investigate related subjects such as theoretical wisdom, technique, science and methods of knowledge, ethical dispositions, education of the moral people, and the role of experience in shaping character and moral stability. Contingent life rather than immutable reality will be the object of our most extensive investigations. In discussing the implications of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethical Prudence Theory we will give special attention to cases named by the philosopher as paradigmatics - Priam, Tales, Anaxagoras, and Pericles - so as to make possible consideration and investigate the various and the intricate relationships that prudence has with the pursuit of happiness, contemplative activity, and political life, as well as the possibility or impossibility of learning and teaching virtue, especially the virtue of prudence.
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Ética, Felicidade, Sabedoria teórica e prudência (sabedoria prática), Virtude moral e intelectual, Deliberação, Contemplação, Ethics, Happiness, Theoretical and prudence (practical wisdom), Moral and intellectual virtue, Deliberation, Contemplation