Análise da variação da vegetação na paisagem baseada nos princípios da Geoecologia e na Cartografia de Paisagens: estudo de caso em Altos, Nazária e Teresina (Estado do Piauí)
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Data
2020-02-14
Autores
Barbosa, Liriane Gonçalves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo da dinâmica espacial e sazonal da vegetação e suas relações com os demais fatores geoecológicos são importantes não só para entender a estrutura, funcionamento e evolução das paisagens e a relação natureza-sociedade, em particular os impactos da ação antrópica sobre a paisagem e sua capacidade de retroalimentação, mas também para compreender para subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão do território. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral de analisar a variação da vegetação, procurando entender os fatores geoecológicos que influenciam seu comportamento espacial e sazonal, e como esta contribui para formação e estabilidade da paisagem, nos municípios de Altos, Nazária e Teresina, Estado do Piauí (Brasil). O estudo está centrado suas características fisionômicas e suas relações com os demais fatores geoecológicos naturais e antrópicos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida baseada nos princípios e fundamentos da Geoecologia da Paisagem e na aplicação da Cartografia de Paisagens, integrada a técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento para realização de inventário cartográfico, geração de índices de vegetação e mapeamento síntese de unidades de paisagem e da vulnerabilidade da paisagem. A pesquisa teve como objetivos específicos: a) Compreender a combinação dos elementos físico-naturais e antrópicos na formação da paisagem local e na determinação das fisionomias e comportamento espacial e sazonal da vegetação; b)Elaborar um inventário dos elementos físico-naturais e antrópicos da paisagem para a realização da síntese e diagnóstico ambiental da paisagem dos municípios estudados;c)Analisar as interações geoecológicas da vegetação na paisagem local; d)Avaliar a vulnerabilidade/estabilidade da paisagem dos municípios, destacando o papel da vegetação como indicador da paisagem. Com o inventário cartográfico foi possível identificar as principais fisionomias da vegetação nativa dos municípios estudados, como os demais fatores formadores da paisagem local e as unidades síntese da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que há uma variação sazonal dos processos fenológicos da vegetação e essa variação está condicionada pelo regime de precipitação local. Mostrou ainda que os principais fatores geoecológicos condicionantes da distribuição espacial de suas fisionomias são o relevo, o solo e a litologia. Contudo, considerou a litologia o fator geoecológico que exerce maior influência na organização estrutural da paisagem local.
The study of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of vegetation and its relationship with other geoecological factors are important not only to understand the structure, functioning and evolution of landscapes and the nature-society relationship, in particular the impacts of anthropic action on the landscape and its feedback capacity, but also to understand to support the planning and management of the territory.The general aim of this research was to analyze the variation of vegetation, seeking to understand the geoecological factors that influence its spatial and seasonal behavior, and how it contributes to the landscape formation and stability, in Altos, Nazária and Teresina, State of Piauí (Brazil). The study focuses on its physiognomic characteristics and its relationship with other natural and man-made geoecological factors. The research was developed based on the principles and foundations of Landscape Geoecology and the application of Landscape Cartography, integrated with remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques to carry out cartographic inventory, vegetation indexes and synthesis mapping of landscape and landscape vulnerability units. The research had as specific objectives: a) Understand the combination of physical-natural and anthropic elements in the formation of the local landscape and in determining the physiognomies and spatial/seasonal behavior of vegetation; b) Prepare an inventory of the physical-natural and anthropic landscape elements to carry out the synthesis and environmental diagnosis; c) Analyze the geoecological interactions of vegetation in local landscape; d) Assess the vulnerability / stability of the municipalities' landscape, highlighting the role of vegetation as an landscape indicator. With the cartographic inventory it was possible to identify the main physiognomies of native vegetation, as well as the other factors that form the local landscape and the synthesis units of the landscape. The results showed that there is a seasonal variation in the phenological processes of the vegetation and this variation is conditioned by the local precipitation. It also showed that the main geoecological factors conditioning the spatial distribution of its physiognomies are relief, soil and lithology. However, lithology was considered to be the geoecological factor that has the greatest influence on the structural organization of local landscape.
The study of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of vegetation and its relationship with other geoecological factors are important not only to understand the structure, functioning and evolution of landscapes and the nature-society relationship, in particular the impacts of anthropic action on the landscape and its feedback capacity, but also to understand to support the planning and management of the territory.The general aim of this research was to analyze the variation of vegetation, seeking to understand the geoecological factors that influence its spatial and seasonal behavior, and how it contributes to the landscape formation and stability, in Altos, Nazária and Teresina, State of Piauí (Brazil). The study focuses on its physiognomic characteristics and its relationship with other natural and man-made geoecological factors. The research was developed based on the principles and foundations of Landscape Geoecology and the application of Landscape Cartography, integrated with remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques to carry out cartographic inventory, vegetation indexes and synthesis mapping of landscape and landscape vulnerability units. The research had as specific objectives: a) Understand the combination of physical-natural and anthropic elements in the formation of the local landscape and in determining the physiognomies and spatial/seasonal behavior of vegetation; b) Prepare an inventory of the physical-natural and anthropic landscape elements to carry out the synthesis and environmental diagnosis; c) Analyze the geoecological interactions of vegetation in local landscape; d) Assess the vulnerability / stability of the municipalities' landscape, highlighting the role of vegetation as an landscape indicator. With the cartographic inventory it was possible to identify the main physiognomies of native vegetation, as well as the other factors that form the local landscape and the synthesis units of the landscape. The results showed that there is a seasonal variation in the phenological processes of the vegetation and this variation is conditioned by the local precipitation. It also showed that the main geoecological factors conditioning the spatial distribution of its physiognomies are relief, soil and lithology. However, lithology was considered to be the geoecological factor that has the greatest influence on the structural organization of local landscape.
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Palavras-chave
Vegetação, Fatores geoecológicos, Paisagem, Relações geoecológicas, Vegetation, Geoecological factors, Landscape, Geoecological relations