Influência de processos de planejamento espacial marinho sobre a governança da aquicultura
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Data
2020-02-21
Autores
Miraldo, Marcel Câmara [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Zonas costeiras possuem grande diversidade de recursos e a disputa pelo uso destes recursos pode envolver atores locais e externos. O planejamento espacial eficiente destes territórios é essencial e, aliado ao desenvolvimento e melhoria do sistema de governança costeira são as principais ferramentas para que cada setor tenha seu espaço de atuação definido e que todos os atores possam participar do processo de planejamento de maneira informada e efetiva. No entanto, é essencial a identificação da ocorrência alguns problemas comuns, como representatividade reduzida, participação de atores sem conhecimentos técnicos relativos ao zoneamento costeiro e à realidade do local, a baixa interação com pesquisadores e falta de qualidade do monitoramento e reavaliação dos procedimentos empregados. A recente implantação de um processo de zoneamento da maricultura no Brasil, os Planos Locais de Desenvolvimento da Maricultura, teve como um de seus objetivos diminuir os diversos conflitos de uso de área entre a maricultura e outras atividades marinhas, como a pesca artesanal. Delimitar áreas específicas para a realização da atividade pode melhorar sua gestão e governança, beneficiando não apenas os produtores como também outros setores interessados na atividade. A partir da percepção dos produtores, os conflitos existentes foram avaliados como de baixa relevância. O principal problema decorrente do processo foi o aumento da dificuldade de acesso ao crédito. Para fortalecer a governança da maricultura em Penha deve-se melhorar a comunicação entre governo e produtores, incentivar a difusão de conhecimento técnico-científico, melhorar os sistemas de fiscalização, conciliar os conflitos internos dos produtores e aumentar a participação dos órgãos de pesquisa e extensão. Portanto, processos de Planejamento Espacial Marinho e governança participativa podem ser efetivos, mesmo com falhas recorrentes em diferentes regiões. Incentivar a maior participação das comunidades locais e órgãos de pesquisa e extensão nestas ações pode auxiliar a aumentar a aceitação destes processos tanto pelas partes interessadas como pelo público em geral.
Coastal zones have great resource diversity, and the dispute over the use of these resources involves local and external actors. The efficient spatial planning of these territories is essential and together with the development and improvement of the coastal governance system, they are the main tools so that each sector has its defined space of action and that all actors are able to participate during the planning process in an informed and effective way. Nevertheless, it is essential to identify some usual problems, such as reduced representativeness, participation of actors without technical knowledge related to coastal zoning and local reality, low interaction with researchers and lack of quality in monitoring and reassessing the procedures employed. The recent implementation of a mariculture zoning process in Brazil, the Local Plans for Marine Aquaculture Development (Planos Locais de Desenvolvimento da Maricultura), had as one of its objectives to reduce the multiple conflicts of use of the area between mariculture and other coastal activities, such as artisanal fisheries. Delimiting specific areas for carrying out mariculture can improve its management and governance, benefiting producers and other sectors involved in the activity. From the producers' perception, the existing conflicts are considered to be of low relevance. The main problem resulting from the process was the increased difficulty in accessing credit. In order to strengthen the governance of mariculture in Penha, communication between the government and producers must be improved, the dissemination of technical and scientific knowledge must be encouraged, the inspection systems must be improved, the internal conflicts of producers must be reconciled, and the participation of research and extension bodies must be increased. Therefore, processes of Marine Spatial Planning and participatory governance can be effective, even with recurring failures in different regions. Encouraging greater participation by local communities and research and extension bodies in these actions can help to increase the acceptance of these processes by both stakeholders and the general public.
Coastal zones have great resource diversity, and the dispute over the use of these resources involves local and external actors. The efficient spatial planning of these territories is essential and together with the development and improvement of the coastal governance system, they are the main tools so that each sector has its defined space of action and that all actors are able to participate during the planning process in an informed and effective way. Nevertheless, it is essential to identify some usual problems, such as reduced representativeness, participation of actors without technical knowledge related to coastal zoning and local reality, low interaction with researchers and lack of quality in monitoring and reassessing the procedures employed. The recent implementation of a mariculture zoning process in Brazil, the Local Plans for Marine Aquaculture Development (Planos Locais de Desenvolvimento da Maricultura), had as one of its objectives to reduce the multiple conflicts of use of the area between mariculture and other coastal activities, such as artisanal fisheries. Delimiting specific areas for carrying out mariculture can improve its management and governance, benefiting producers and other sectors involved in the activity. From the producers' perception, the existing conflicts are considered to be of low relevance. The main problem resulting from the process was the increased difficulty in accessing credit. In order to strengthen the governance of mariculture in Penha, communication between the government and producers must be improved, the dissemination of technical and scientific knowledge must be encouraged, the inspection systems must be improved, the internal conflicts of producers must be reconciled, and the participation of research and extension bodies must be increased. Therefore, processes of Marine Spatial Planning and participatory governance can be effective, even with recurring failures in different regions. Encouraging greater participation by local communities and research and extension bodies in these actions can help to increase the acceptance of these processes by both stakeholders and the general public.
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Palavras-chave
Gerenciamento Costeiro, Governança pública n, Recursos marinhos, Planejamento regional Participação do cidadão, Administração de conflitos