Desempenho fotossintético, perfil e atividade do óleo essencial de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva no cerrado paulista
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Data
2020-02-19
Autores
Jorge, Letícia Galhardo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Espécies vegetais são capazes de produzir diversidade de substâncias, que desempenham funções importantes para sua sobrevivência e adaptação ao ecossistema. O metabolismo primário, é essencial para o crescimento, desenvolvimento, maturação e reprodução de qualquer espécie. O metabolismo especializado, dependente do primário, é responsável por originar o óleo essencial, que são misturas de metabólitos especializados voláteis, representados principalmente por monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos. Cada espécie vegetal produz um óleo essencial de composição característica específica, podendo ser influenciado por fatores bióticos e abióticos. A fenologia pode influenciar processos bioquímicos e rotas metabólicas capazes de modificar a formação de substâncias biologicamente ativas, alterando diretamente o conteúdo e a qualidade dos óleos essenciais. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se as fases fenológicas, vegetativa e reprodutiva modificam o desempenho fotossintético e o perfil do óleo essencial de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., influenciando sua atividade biológica na defesa antioxidante e ação antifúngica. As variáveis, fluorescência da clorofila a, trocas gasosas, carboidratos, atividade enzimática e peroxidação lipídica, potencial água, conteúdo relativo de água das folhas, extração, rendimento, caracterização química e atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Xylopia aromatica foram avaliadas em 24 plantas, 12 no estádio vegetativo e 12 no reprodutivo, coletadas em 2018 e 2019. Os resultados demonstraram que a influência das fases fenológicas, vegetativa e reprodutiva e da época avaliada, com condições ambientais diferentes, pode ter maior ou menor importância nas características do perfil fotossintético e químico, demonstrando maior atuação na defesa antioxidante da Xylopia aromatica.
Research aimed at the knowledge of plant species allows the elaboration of projects that aim at the understanding of development, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The primary metabolism, represented by photosynthesis and the specialized one, that synthesizes the essential oil, can be influenced by the environmental and phenological conditions, which can influence the chemical profile of the essential oil and the biological activity in the vegetal defense, including against fungi, bacteria and virus. Compounds from the specialized metabolism present biological activity and potential for the production of bactericides and fungicides. Therefore, it is necessary to know the stage of development of plant species in which the substances of interest, with economic potential, are more concentrated, thus orienting, if appropriate, the collection period, aiming at the conservation and sustainable use. There are scientific studies that reveal biological activity of essential oils, as observed for the genus Xylopia, but none of them relates the primary and specialized metabolism to the stage of development in which the species is found. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate if the phenological, vegetative and reproductive phases of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. modify the photosynthetic performance and the profile of the essential oil, which may influence its biological activity in the antioxidant defense and antifungal action.
Research aimed at the knowledge of plant species allows the elaboration of projects that aim at the understanding of development, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The primary metabolism, represented by photosynthesis and the specialized one, that synthesizes the essential oil, can be influenced by the environmental and phenological conditions, which can influence the chemical profile of the essential oil and the biological activity in the vegetal defense, including against fungi, bacteria and virus. Compounds from the specialized metabolism present biological activity and potential for the production of bactericides and fungicides. Therefore, it is necessary to know the stage of development of plant species in which the substances of interest, with economic potential, are more concentrated, thus orienting, if appropriate, the collection period, aiming at the conservation and sustainable use. There are scientific studies that reveal biological activity of essential oils, as observed for the genus Xylopia, but none of them relates the primary and specialized metabolism to the stage of development in which the species is found. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate if the phenological, vegetative and reproductive phases of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. modify the photosynthetic performance and the profile of the essential oil, which may influence its biological activity in the antioxidant defense and antifungal action.
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Palavras-chave
Fases fenológicas, Metabolismo primário, Metabolismo especializado, Primary metabolism, Specialized metabolism, Phenological phases