Dieta, aspectos bromatológicos e parasitológicos em uma espécie de peixe não-nativa no reservatório de Jupiá, alto rio Paraná
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Garves, José Daniel Soler [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Empreendimentos hidroelétricos podem desencadear alterações no ciclo hidrológico, desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas aquáticos e facilitar a introdução de espécies de peixes não-nativas. Contudo, essas espécies também podem apresentar grande representatividade na pesca artesanal e esportiva, tornando-se uma importante fonte de renda local. Dessa forma, o estudo de espécies não-nativas, suas origens, hábitos e posições tróficas, além de suas habilidades que garantem a permanência e o sucesso no estabelecimento em novos ambientes, são relevantes. Dentre tais espécies não-nativas, Geophagus sveni destaca-se como uma das espécies mais importantes para pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e correlacionar a composição alimentar, composição bromatológica do tecido muscular, perfil de ácidos graxos do tecido muscular e hepático, além de identificar possíveis parasitos musculares em G. sveni nos períodos chuvoso e seco, no reservatório de Jupiá, alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Foram realizadas duas coletas, uma ao final do período chuvoso (março/2018) e outra ao final do período seco (agosto/2018), no reservatório de Jupiá (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). Os espécimes coletados foram eutanasiados e, em seguida, tiveram mensuradas massa total, comprimento padrão e o sexo determinado visualmente. Geophagus sveni apresentou hábito alimentar detritívoro, além de plasticidade e oportunismo trófico. Sua composição alimentar foi significativamente diferente entre os períodos avaliados, adicionalmente, a composição bromatológica apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos e entre os sexos. De forma geral, o tecido muscular foi considerado magro, com menor percentual de lipídeos e maior de proteína bruta. Para o perfil de ácidos graxos avaliado, apenas o do tecido muscular apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. Tais resultados sugerem que flutuações sazonais influenciam diretamente a disponibilidade de recursos e consumo de itens alimentares de diversas fontes por G. sveni, o que altera os padrões de incorporação nutricional no tecido muscular da espécie. Além disso, não foram encontrados parasitos intramusculares nos espécimes avaliados, o que confirma que G. sveni, por ser introduzido no reservatório de Jupiá, pode beneficiar-se da Teoria do Escape do Inimigo. Dessa maneira, por ser uma das espécies mais capturadas pela pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo e apresentar equilibrado valor energético e nutricional, além de ausência de parasitos no tecido muscular, G. sveni pode ser considerada uma boa fonte de proteína animal baseado nas avaliações realizadas.
Hydroelectric developments can trigger changes in the hydrological cycle, imbalance in aquatic ecosystems and facilitate the introduction of non-native fish species. However, these species can also be highly representative in artisanal and sport fishing, becoming an important source of local income. Thus, the study of non-native species, their origins, habits and trophic positions, in addition to their skills that guarantee permanence and success in the establishment of new environments, are relevant. Among these non-native species, Geophagus sveni is provided as one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo. This study aimed to characterize and correlate the food composition, the bromatological composition of muscle tissue, the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver tissue, in addition to identifying possible muscle parasites of Geophagus sveni in the rainy and dry periods, in the Jupiá reservoir, on the Paraná River, Brazil. Two collections were made, one at the end of the rainy period (March/2018) and another at the end of the dry period (August/2018), at the Jupiá reservoir (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). The collected specimens were euthanized and, afterwards, total mass and standard length were measured, as well as sex determined visually. Geophagus sveni presented detritivorous eating habits, in addition to plasticity and trophic opportunism. Their food composition was significantly different only between the periods evaluated, while their bromatological composition showed significant differences between periods and between sexes. In general, muscle tissue was considered lean, with a lower percentage of lipids and higher of crude protein. For the fatty acid profile evaluated, only the muscle tissue showed significant differences between the rainy and dry periods. Such results suggest that seasonal fluctuations directly influence the availability of resources and consumption of food items from different sources by G. sveni, which alters the patterns of nutritional incorporation in the muscle tissue of the species. Furthermore, intramuscular parasites were not found in the evaluated specimens, which confirms that G. sveni, being introduced in the Jupiá reservoir, can benefit from the Enemy Escape Theory. Thus, as it is one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo and has a balanced energy and nutritional value, in addition to the absence of parasites in the muscle tissue, G. sveni can be considered a good source of protein, based on the evaluations performed.
Hydroelectric developments can trigger changes in the hydrological cycle, imbalance in aquatic ecosystems and facilitate the introduction of non-native fish species. However, these species can also be highly representative in artisanal and sport fishing, becoming an important source of local income. Thus, the study of non-native species, their origins, habits and trophic positions, in addition to their skills that guarantee permanence and success in the establishment of new environments, are relevant. Among these non-native species, Geophagus sveni is provided as one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo. This study aimed to characterize and correlate the food composition, the bromatological composition of muscle tissue, the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver tissue, in addition to identifying possible muscle parasites of Geophagus sveni in the rainy and dry periods, in the Jupiá reservoir, on the Paraná River, Brazil. Two collections were made, one at the end of the rainy period (March/2018) and another at the end of the dry period (August/2018), at the Jupiá reservoir (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). The collected specimens were euthanized and, afterwards, total mass and standard length were measured, as well as sex determined visually. Geophagus sveni presented detritivorous eating habits, in addition to plasticity and trophic opportunism. Their food composition was significantly different only between the periods evaluated, while their bromatological composition showed significant differences between periods and between sexes. In general, muscle tissue was considered lean, with a lower percentage of lipids and higher of crude protein. For the fatty acid profile evaluated, only the muscle tissue showed significant differences between the rainy and dry periods. Such results suggest that seasonal fluctuations directly influence the availability of resources and consumption of food items from different sources by G. sveni, which alters the patterns of nutritional incorporation in the muscle tissue of the species. Furthermore, intramuscular parasites were not found in the evaluated specimens, which confirms that G. sveni, being introduced in the Jupiá reservoir, can benefit from the Enemy Escape Theory. Thus, as it is one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo and has a balanced energy and nutritional value, in addition to the absence of parasites in the muscle tissue, G. sveni can be considered a good source of protein, based on the evaluations performed.
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Palavras-chave
Espécie introduzida, Plasticidade trófica, Qualidade do filé, Região Neotropical, Bacia do alto rio Paraná, Introduced species, Trophic plasticity, Fillet quality, Neotropical region, Upper Paraná River basin