Co-compostagem em reator rotativo hermético pelo método respirométrico
Data
2020-03-06
Autores
Scoton, Edvaldo José
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A compostagem é um conjunto de técnicas muito importante para o tratamento da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos, por meio do uso de tecnologias sustentáveis que processam os resíduos orgânicos originados da agricultura, agroindústria, silvicultura, resíduos orgânicos domiciliares e, ainda, o lodo de esgoto. A busca da sociedade por melhores condições ambientais, aponta para uma tendência de ocorrer um incremento substancial na quantidade de lodo a ser disposto nos próximos anos, surgindo, portanto, a necessidade de que sejam apresen¬tadas técnicas que possibilitem um tra¬tamento eficiente e adequado dos mesmos. O emprego do processo de compostagem no Brasil, é ainda bastante incipiente e possui alto grau de empirismo no controle e avaliação do processo, devido a falta de conhecimento técnico mais aprofundado, sendo necessário o implemento de novas formas de análise e controle eficazes. No processo avaliativo chamado método "respirométrico", utiliza-se uma nova metodologia na qual os parâmetros de degradação biológica dos resíduos não são medidos na fase sólida, mas em sua fase gasosa. A análise do lodo de esgoto pelo método respirométrico, demonstrou ser uma ferramenta, pode a vir a ser muito útil, desde que sejam levados em considerações todos parâmetros apontados na literatura, buscando o equilíbrio destes parâmetros na escolha e quantificação dos resíduos. O reator rotativo hermético apresentou como vantagens a homogeneização dos resíduos, favorecendo o contato de toda a matéria orgânica com as bactérias decompositoras, acelerando o processo, e também o isolamento do odor e do contato com vetores apresentando como possibilidade de trabalhos futuros a análise das variáveis velocidade de rotação e tempo de rotação e repouso do reator e suas alterações contribuições na eficiência do processo.
Composting is a very important set of techniques for the treatment of the organic fraction of solid waste, through the use of sustainable technologies that process organic waste originating from agriculture, agribusiness, forestry, household organic waste and, also, sewage sludge. Society's search for better environmental conditions points to a tendency for there to be a substantial increase in the amount of sludge to be disposed of in the coming years, therefore, the need arises for techniques to be presented that enable efficient and efficient treatment. of them. The use of the composting process in Brazil, is still quite incipient and has a high degree of empiricism in the control and evaluation of the process, due to the lack of more in-depth technical knowledge, requiring the implementation of new forms of effective analysis and control. In the evaluation process called the "respirometric" method, a new methodology is used in which the biological degradation parameters of the residues are not measured in the solid phase, but in the gas phase. The analysis of sewage sludge using the respirometric method, proved to be a tool, it may prove to be very useful, provided that all parameters pointed out in the literature are taken into consideration, seeking to balance these parameters in the choice and quantification of waste. The hermetic rotary reactor had as advantages the homogenization of residues, favoring the contact of all organic matter with the decomposing bacteria, speeding up the process, and also the isolation of odor and contact with vectors, presenting the possibility of future analysis of variables speed of rotation and time of rotation and rest of the reactor and its changes contribute to the efficiency of the process
Composting is a very important set of techniques for the treatment of the organic fraction of solid waste, through the use of sustainable technologies that process organic waste originating from agriculture, agribusiness, forestry, household organic waste and, also, sewage sludge. Society's search for better environmental conditions points to a tendency for there to be a substantial increase in the amount of sludge to be disposed of in the coming years, therefore, the need arises for techniques to be presented that enable efficient and efficient treatment. of them. The use of the composting process in Brazil, is still quite incipient and has a high degree of empiricism in the control and evaluation of the process, due to the lack of more in-depth technical knowledge, requiring the implementation of new forms of effective analysis and control. In the evaluation process called the "respirometric" method, a new methodology is used in which the biological degradation parameters of the residues are not measured in the solid phase, but in the gas phase. The analysis of sewage sludge using the respirometric method, proved to be a tool, it may prove to be very useful, provided that all parameters pointed out in the literature are taken into consideration, seeking to balance these parameters in the choice and quantification of waste. The hermetic rotary reactor had as advantages the homogenization of residues, favoring the contact of all organic matter with the decomposing bacteria, speeding up the process, and also the isolation of odor and contact with vectors, presenting the possibility of future analysis of variables speed of rotation and time of rotation and rest of the reactor and its changes contribute to the efficiency of the process
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compostagem, Lodo de esgoto, Reator biológico, Respirometria, Solid waste, Composting, Sewage sludge, Biological reactor, Respirometry