Estado e desenvolvimento econômico durante os governos de Lula e de Dilma (2003 – 2016): social desenvolvimentismo truncado
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Data
2020-03-04
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo – tendo como unidade de análise os governos de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e de Dilma Vana Rousseff do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) (2003 – 2016) – empenha-se em investigar o projeto de desenvolvimento econômico adotado neste período pelo Estado brasileiro. O objetivo é bem claro: focar em políticas, instituições, ações e questões sociais executadas pelo Estado e que se dizem respeito a um projeto de desenvolvimento econômico, neste caso especifico, o projeto desenvolvimentista pautado na corrente do Social Desenvolvimentismo. A pergunta levantada pela pesquisa é: qual foi o principal legado e qual foi o grande entrave do projeto de Estado desenvolvimentista edificado durante os governos de Lula e de Dilma (2003 – 2016) em seu modelo de Social Desenvolvimentismo? A metodologia que o presente trabalho se alinha é à perspectiva orientada pela tradição histórico-estruturalista da CEPAL, essencialmente quando inspirada na importância da diversificação das estruturas de produção e de exportação, com ênfase na ampliação, na integração e na sofisticação produtiva como determinante para o desenvolvimento econômico. Os procedimentos técnicos metodológicos priorizados pela pesquisa foram bibliográficos e documentais. Os resultados em que a pesquisa chega são de que houve dois importantes legados do projeto de Estado desenvolvimentista, no seu modelo Social Desenvolvimentismo da Era petista, são eles: i) a ampliação e a democratização do capital cultural na sociedade brasileira e ii) a construção de arranjos institucionais desenvolvimentistas com inserção na sociedade civil organizada e no Estado; o principal entrave para o modelo foi a cultura do privilégio presente em grande parcela da população brasileira, mormente a elite e a classe média alta. Em virtude da cultura do privilégio todo projeto de edificação de um Estado desenvolvimentista no Brasil é sempre truncado.
The study – with the governments of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Vana Rousseff of the Workers' Party (PT) (2003 – 2016) as its unit of analysis – strives to investigate the economic development project adopted in this period by the Brazilian state. The objective is very clear: to focus on policies, institutions, actions and social issues carried out by the State that are related to the process of economic development and, in this specific case, the developmental project based on the current of Social developmentalism. The question raised by the research is: what was the main legacy and what was the great obstacle of the Developmental State project built during the governments of Lula and Dilma in their model of Social developmentalism? The methodology, which this work aligns with, is guided by the historical-structuralism tradition of ECLAC, essentially when inspired by the importance of diversifying production and export structures, with an emphasis on expansion, integration and sophistication of production as a determinant of economic development. The technical methodological procedures prioritized by the research were bibliographical and documentary. The results in which the research arrives are that there were two important legacies of the Developmental State, in the model of Social developmentalism of the PT Era, they are: i) the expansion and democratization of cultural capital in Brazilian society and ii) the construction institutional developmental arrangements with insertion in organized civil society and the State; the main obstacle to the model was the culture of privilege present in a large part of the Brazilian population, especially the elite and the upper middle class. Due to the culture of privilege, every project to build a developmental state in Brazil is always truncated.
The study – with the governments of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Vana Rousseff of the Workers' Party (PT) (2003 – 2016) as its unit of analysis – strives to investigate the economic development project adopted in this period by the Brazilian state. The objective is very clear: to focus on policies, institutions, actions and social issues carried out by the State that are related to the process of economic development and, in this specific case, the developmental project based on the current of Social developmentalism. The question raised by the research is: what was the main legacy and what was the great obstacle of the Developmental State project built during the governments of Lula and Dilma in their model of Social developmentalism? The methodology, which this work aligns with, is guided by the historical-structuralism tradition of ECLAC, essentially when inspired by the importance of diversifying production and export structures, with an emphasis on expansion, integration and sophistication of production as a determinant of economic development. The technical methodological procedures prioritized by the research were bibliographical and documentary. The results in which the research arrives are that there were two important legacies of the Developmental State, in the model of Social developmentalism of the PT Era, they are: i) the expansion and democratization of cultural capital in Brazilian society and ii) the construction institutional developmental arrangements with insertion in organized civil society and the State; the main obstacle to the model was the culture of privilege present in a large part of the Brazilian population, especially the elite and the upper middle class. Due to the culture of privilege, every project to build a developmental state in Brazil is always truncated.
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Estado, Desenvolvimentismo, Desenvolvimento econômico, Governos de Lula e de Dilma, Social desenvolvimentismo