Percepção de diferentes modelos de tipoias utilizadas nas lesões dos ombros: design e ergonomia aplicados ao desenvolvimento de produtos para saúde
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Data
2020-02-21
Autores
Pereira, Diego Dalvan
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O ombro por ser uma articulação muito instável está mais vulnerável a lesões. Afim de proteger e imobilizar a articulação o tratamento é seguido com o uso de tipoia. No entanto, a imobilização deixa as articulações sob os efeitos deletérios do desuso, o que pode favorecer o surgimento de lesões secundárias como a capsulite adesiva. O design e a ergonomia são considerados disciplinas científicas capazes de desenvolver e ajustar produtos às necessidades e às capacidades humanas. O objetivo deste estudo foi gerar parâmetros para o design ergonômico de uma tipoia alternativa utilizando as tecnologias de manufatura aditiva, a fim de minimizar os desconfortos termofisiológicos e o índice de capsulite adesiva após imobilização. Nesse contexto, desenvolveu-se com o auxílio do design um modelo de tipoia mais confortável, adequado, funcional e que não favorece o surgimento de complicações após imobilização do ombro. Foi realizada uma coleta de dados com indivíduos adultos, de ambos os gêneros, entre 18 e 85 anos de idade, 71 voluntários, que fizeram uso de tipoia para lesão do ombro. Seguiu com uma investigação ergonômica dos modelos de tipoia disponíveis no mercado, para desenvolver um modelo alternativo com as devidas adequações ergonômicas. O projeto da tipoia foi modelado no software CAD SolidWorks e a impressão foi por FDM (Fusão por Deposição de Material), em uma impressora 3D Creality CR-10, com material PLA (Ácido Polilactico). Para testar a percepção do usuário frente aos modelos de tipoias foi aplicado uma escala de diferencial semântico em uma amostra de 20 participantes, sem problemas no ombro, sendo 50% que já usaram tipoia e 50% que nunca usou. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o modelo apresentado e os modelos convencionais de tipoia, tendendo, o modelo desenvolvido, a ser percebido como o mais seguro, confortável e eficiente. Em futuros estudos os dados apresentados serão de grande importância no aspecto preventivo, para a população estudada, assim como, para melhorar o conforto e satisfação do usuário.
The shoulder because it is a very unstable joint is more vulnerable to injury, in order to protect and immobilize the joint, treatment is followed with the use of a sling. However, immobilization leaves the joints under the harmful effects of disuse, which can favor the appearance of secondary lesions such as adhesive capsulitis. Design and ergonomics are considered scientific disciplines capable of developing and adjusting products to human needs and capacities. The aim of this study was to generate parameters for the ergonomic design of an alternative sling using additive manufacturing technologies, in order to minimize thermophysiological discomfort and the adhesive capsulitis index after immobilization. In this context, a more comfortable, adequate, functional tipoia of model was developed with the aid of design, which does not favor the appearance of complications after shoulder immobilization. A data collection was carried out with adult individuals, both genders, between 18 and 85 years of age, 71 volunteers, who made use of tipoia for shoulder injury. It continued with an ergonomic investigation of the sling models available on the market, to develop an alternative model with the appropriate ergonomic adaptations. The design of the tipoia was modeled in SolidWorks CAD software and the printing was by FDM (Melting by Deposition of Material) in a Creality CR-10 3D printer with PLA material (Polylactic Acid). To test the user's perception of sling models, a semantic differential scale was applied to a sample of 20 participants, no shoulder problems, 50% who have used a sling and 50% who never used it. Statistically significant differences were found between the model presented and the conventional sling models, with the developed model tending to be perceived as the safest, most comfortable and efficient. In future studies, the data presented will be of great importance in the preventive aspect, for the studied population, as well as, to improve the user's comfort and satisfaction.
The shoulder because it is a very unstable joint is more vulnerable to injury, in order to protect and immobilize the joint, treatment is followed with the use of a sling. However, immobilization leaves the joints under the harmful effects of disuse, which can favor the appearance of secondary lesions such as adhesive capsulitis. Design and ergonomics are considered scientific disciplines capable of developing and adjusting products to human needs and capacities. The aim of this study was to generate parameters for the ergonomic design of an alternative sling using additive manufacturing technologies, in order to minimize thermophysiological discomfort and the adhesive capsulitis index after immobilization. In this context, a more comfortable, adequate, functional tipoia of model was developed with the aid of design, which does not favor the appearance of complications after shoulder immobilization. A data collection was carried out with adult individuals, both genders, between 18 and 85 years of age, 71 volunteers, who made use of tipoia for shoulder injury. It continued with an ergonomic investigation of the sling models available on the market, to develop an alternative model with the appropriate ergonomic adaptations. The design of the tipoia was modeled in SolidWorks CAD software and the printing was by FDM (Melting by Deposition of Material) in a Creality CR-10 3D printer with PLA material (Polylactic Acid). To test the user's perception of sling models, a semantic differential scale was applied to a sample of 20 participants, no shoulder problems, 50% who have used a sling and 50% who never used it. Statistically significant differences were found between the model presented and the conventional sling models, with the developed model tending to be perceived as the safest, most comfortable and efficient. In future studies, the data presented will be of great importance in the preventive aspect, for the studied population, as well as, to improve the user's comfort and satisfaction.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Manufatura aditiva, Impressão 3D, Lesões no ombro, Ergonomia, Design, Ergonomics, 3D printing, Additive manufacturing, Shoulder injuries