Diálogos entre o eu e o outro: aspectos do ensino intercultural por meio de uma minissérie alemã
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Data
2020-04-13
Autores
Marques, Lívia dos Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura estrangeira já foi apresentada em sala de aula de LE por meio de diversas abordagens e conceitos. Desde a década de 80, contudo, o Ensino Intercultural (EI) tem levado professores de LE a enxergar a cultura como parte inseparável do processo de aprendizagem de língua. A cultura, por sua vez, pode ser ensinada a partir de um conceito heterogêneo e dinâmico, como um conjunto de perspectivas, produtos e práticas (MORAN, 2001). Para tanto, é necessário encontrar materiais que abordem aspectos linguísticos e culturais da língua-alvo de maneira autêntica em sala de aula, como os seriados televisivos. Por isso, considera-se que a minissérie Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter pode ser utilizada para o EI, com o fim de desenvolver a competência comunicativa intercultural (CCI). Assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral verificar quais aspectos da CCI podem ser desenvolvidos com alunos iniciantes a partir do trabalho com a minissérie Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter . Quanto ao conceito de CCI, é uma competência necessária para que o aluno de LE se torne um falante intercultural (BYRAM, 1997, 2008, 2011). Tal falante seria capaz de compreender diferenças culturais e mediar situações de conflito decorrentes destas, a partir de uma posição entre culturas próprias e estrangeiras (HOUSE, 2007; LIDDICOAT, 2011, 2015). A CCI é composta por atitudes de abertura e curiosidade à cultura estrangeira, por conhecimentos sobre ela, pela habilidade de interpretá-la e relacioná-la com a própria, pela habilidade de descobrir sobre e interagir com ela e por uma consciência crítica cultural, a qual pode levar à cidadania intercultural (BYRAM, 1997, 2008). Partindo de tais pressupostos teóricos, foi realizado um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa e exploratória. Para coleta de dados, foi aplicado um minicurso de 12 horas, durante o qual foi exibida e discutida a minissérie Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter com alunos iniciantes de alemão no contexto universitário. Os instrumentos para coleta de dados foram dois questionários, uma entrevista, diário reflexivo do pesquisador e anotações de uma observadora. Por meio da análise e triangulação dos dados, percebeu-se que os alunos demonstraram indícios de desenvolvimento da CCI como: a abertura para novas perspectivas sobre eventos já conhecidos, revisão de estereótipos, descentralização, aprendizagem de conhecimentos sobre Alemanha e Brasil, habilidade de interpretar e relacionar as histórias de ambos países, habilidade de discutir e mediar diferentes pontos de vista das culturas alemãs e, enfim, a reflexão crítica sobre os valores implícitos em eventos das culturas alemãs e brasileiras e sobre o papel dos alunos como cidadãos interculturais. Os dados revelam que é possível utilizar a minissérie para desenvolvimento da CCI, desde que sejam estabelecidos objetivos claros para o desenvolvimento da competência.
Foreign culture has already been presented in the FL classroom through different approaches and concepts. Since the 80s, however, Intercultural Education (IE) has led FL teachers to see culture as an inseparable part of the language learning process. Culture, in turn, can be taught according to a heterogeneous and dynamic concept, as a set of perspectives, products and practices (MORAN, 2001). Therefore, it is necessary to find materials that address linguistic and cultural aspects of the target language in an authentic manner in the classroom, such as television series. Therefore, it is considered that the mini-series Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter can be used for IE, in order to develop the intercultural communicative competence (ICC). Thus, the present research aims to verify which aspects of ICC can be developed with beginner students through working with the miniseries Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter . As for the concept of ICC, it is a necessary skill for the FL student to become an intercultural speaker (BYRAM, 1997, 2008, 2011). Such a speaker would be able to understand cultural differences and mediate situations of conflict caused by them, from a position between own and foreign cultures (HOUSE, 2007; LIDDICOAT, 2011, 2015). ICC is composed of attitudes of openness and curiosity to foreign culture, knowledge of it, the ability to interpret and relate it to one’s own culture, the ability to discover and interact with it and a critical cultural awareness, which can lead to intercultural citizenship (BYRAM, 1997, 2008). Based on such theoretical assumptions, a qualitative and exploratory case study was carried out. For data collection, a 12-hour mini-course was applied, during which the miniseries Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter was exhibited and discussed with beginner german students in the university. The instruments for data collection were two questionnaires, an interview, a researcher's reflective diary and an observer's notes. Through the analysis and triangulation of the data, we noticed that the students showed signs of development of the ICC such as: openness to new perspectives on already known events, review of stereotypes and generalizations, decentralization, knowledge about Germany and Brazil, skill to interpret and relate the stories of both countries, the ability to discuss and mediate different points of view of German cultures and, finally, critical reflection on the implicit values in events of German and Brazilian cultures and on the role of students as intercultural citizens. The data reveals that it is possible to use the miniseries for the development of the ICC, as long as clear objectives for the development of competence are established.
Foreign culture has already been presented in the FL classroom through different approaches and concepts. Since the 80s, however, Intercultural Education (IE) has led FL teachers to see culture as an inseparable part of the language learning process. Culture, in turn, can be taught according to a heterogeneous and dynamic concept, as a set of perspectives, products and practices (MORAN, 2001). Therefore, it is necessary to find materials that address linguistic and cultural aspects of the target language in an authentic manner in the classroom, such as television series. Therefore, it is considered that the mini-series Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter can be used for IE, in order to develop the intercultural communicative competence (ICC). Thus, the present research aims to verify which aspects of ICC can be developed with beginner students through working with the miniseries Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter . As for the concept of ICC, it is a necessary skill for the FL student to become an intercultural speaker (BYRAM, 1997, 2008, 2011). Such a speaker would be able to understand cultural differences and mediate situations of conflict caused by them, from a position between own and foreign cultures (HOUSE, 2007; LIDDICOAT, 2011, 2015). ICC is composed of attitudes of openness and curiosity to foreign culture, knowledge of it, the ability to interpret and relate it to one’s own culture, the ability to discover and interact with it and a critical cultural awareness, which can lead to intercultural citizenship (BYRAM, 1997, 2008). Based on such theoretical assumptions, a qualitative and exploratory case study was carried out. For data collection, a 12-hour mini-course was applied, during which the miniseries Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter was exhibited and discussed with beginner german students in the university. The instruments for data collection were two questionnaires, an interview, a researcher's reflective diary and an observer's notes. Through the analysis and triangulation of the data, we noticed that the students showed signs of development of the ICC such as: openness to new perspectives on already known events, review of stereotypes and generalizations, decentralization, knowledge about Germany and Brazil, skill to interpret and relate the stories of both countries, the ability to discuss and mediate different points of view of German cultures and, finally, critical reflection on the implicit values in events of German and Brazilian cultures and on the role of students as intercultural citizens. The data reveals that it is possible to use the miniseries for the development of the ICC, as long as clear objectives for the development of competence are established.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ensino de alemão como LE, Competência comunicativa intercultural, Minissérie Unsere Mütter Unsere Väter