Anisotropia espacial da perda de solo e atributos do solo em diferentes pedoformas com cultivo de cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2020-02-07
Autores
Barbosa, Kátia Noronha
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo da anisotropia espacial apresenta grande importância na modelagem e mapeamento espacial das variáveis ambientais. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a anisotropia espacial da perda de solo e atributos químicos e físicos do solo em diferentes pedoformas com cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, por meio da utilização da dimensão fractal (DF). O estudo foi realizado a partir de um banco de dados legados do Grupo de Pesquisa CSME, referente a uma área de 200 ha, localizada em Tabapuã (SP), Brasil, onde foi estabelecida uma malha de amostragem regular de 50 m, com 623 pontos. Em cada ponto, foi estimada a perda de solo por erosão (A), com a Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE), bem como os atributos teor de argila (Arg), Areia Total (AT), Capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), Matéria orgânica (MO) e Fósforo (P). Identificou-se a predominância de condição anisotrópica para todos os atributos na pedoforma convexa nas direções entre 90º e 150º, baseadas nos gráficos de dispersão gerados a partir de diferentes escalas e direções. Porém na pedoforma côncava A, Arg e CTC apresentaram comportamento isotrópico. Obteve-se o melhor ajuste no resultado da validação cruzada de A, na pedoforma côncava no modelo isotrópico e na pedoforma convexa no modelo anisotrópico. Concluiu-se que a pedoforma convexa proporciona maior ocorrência de anisotropia demonstrando que a forma do relevo condiciona padrões diferenciados de anisotropia espacial.
The study of spatial anisotropy is of great importance in the modeling and spatial mapping of environmental variables. Thus, the objective of the work was to characterize the spatial anisotropy of soil loss and chemical and physical attributes of the soil in different pedoforms with sugarcane cultivation, using the fractal dimension (DF). The study was carried out from a legacy database of the CSME Research Group, referring to an area of 200 ha, located in Tabapuã (SP), Brazil, where a regular 50 m sampling grid was established, with 623 points . At each point, soil loss by erosion (A) was estimated with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as well as the clay content (Arg), Total Sand (AT), Cation exchange capacity (CTC) attributes ), Organic matter (MO) and phosphorus (P). The predominance of anisotropic condition was identified for all attributes in the convex pedoform in the directions between 90º and 150º, based on the scatter plots generated from different scales and directions. However, in the concave pedoform A, Arg and CTC showed isotropic behavior. The best adjustment was obtained in the result of the cross-validation of A, in the concave pedoform in the isotropic model and in the convex pedoform in the anisotropic model. It was concluded that the convex pedoform provides a higher occurrence of anisotropy demonstrating that the shape of the relief conditions different patterns of spatial anisotropy.
The study of spatial anisotropy is of great importance in the modeling and spatial mapping of environmental variables. Thus, the objective of the work was to characterize the spatial anisotropy of soil loss and chemical and physical attributes of the soil in different pedoforms with sugarcane cultivation, using the fractal dimension (DF). The study was carried out from a legacy database of the CSME Research Group, referring to an area of 200 ha, located in Tabapuã (SP), Brazil, where a regular 50 m sampling grid was established, with 623 points . At each point, soil loss by erosion (A) was estimated with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as well as the clay content (Arg), Total Sand (AT), Cation exchange capacity (CTC) attributes ), Organic matter (MO) and phosphorus (P). The predominance of anisotropic condition was identified for all attributes in the convex pedoform in the directions between 90º and 150º, based on the scatter plots generated from different scales and directions. However, in the concave pedoform A, Arg and CTC showed isotropic behavior. The best adjustment was obtained in the result of the cross-validation of A, in the concave pedoform in the isotropic model and in the convex pedoform in the anisotropic model. It was concluded that the convex pedoform provides a higher occurrence of anisotropy demonstrating that the shape of the relief conditions different patterns of spatial anisotropy.
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Superfície côncava, Superfície convexa, Dependência espacial, Dimensão fractal, Conservação do solo, Concave surface, Convex surface, Spatial dependence, Fractal dimension, Soil conservation