Pedagogia do esporte e voleibol: uma proposta de ensino por meio de material didático digital
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Data
2020-02-18
Autores
Parente, Thomás Augusto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O ensino do esporte nas aulas de Educação Física escolar (EFE) ainda sofre influências do modelo tradicional que prioriza a execução dos gestos motores e, como consequência, atinge o ensino do voleibol, marcado por enfatizar em seu ensino justamente esses elementos da prática esportiva. Em contrapartida, novas abordagens da Pedagogia do Esporte podem ser utilizadas como alternativa a esse modelo, ao considerar no ensino a lógica interna e a compreensão dos esportes a partir dos princípios táticos das modalidades, utilizando como ferramenta os jogos. Para que essa “nova” forma de se ensinar chegue aos professores, são necessárias algumas estratégias, voltadas à formação continuada, como por exemplo, a criação de materiais didáticos digitais, com apoio das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), que sirvam de suporte para a elaboração de aulas aos professores, que, influenciados pelo histórico da disciplina, acabam por reproduzir o modelo tradicional. Desta forma, o objetivo geral da presente dissertação foi de elaborar um material didático digital sobre o voleibol, a partir das abordagens atuais da Pedagogia do Esporte como suporte para professores de EFE e identificar a percepção de professores de EFE acerca da viabilidade de sua implementação. A partir da opção pelo desenvolvimento da pesquisa no modelo escandinavo para teses e dissertações acadêmicas, foram realizados três estudos em formato de artigos, são eles: 1) diagnóstico de problemas durante o jogo de voleibol em aulas de EFE e comparação com o entendimento dos professores dessa disciplina sobre as dificuldades; 2) elaboração de um material didático digital para o ensino do voleibol por meio de jogos na plataforma YouTube; 3) avaliação do material didático digital por meio do método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), por professores de EFE. A partir do diagnóstico das dificuldades dos alunos no jogo de voleibol identificou-se os princípios táticos que foram utilizados para a elaboração do material didático, são eles: construir o ataque, observar os espaços da quadra adversária, jogar a bola nos espaços vazios, ocupar os espaços da quadra, intencionar os contatos com a bola e direcionar os saques. Após a elaboração do material didático digital, observou-se que os professores que o avaliaram reconheceram a importância desses materiais e do uso da tecnologia no processo de formação continuada, auxiliando-os em suas práticas pedagógicas. Destaca-se o caráter inovador da proposta, que alia as TIC ao ensino do voleibol por meio de jogos e os impactos positivos do material conforme a opinião dos professores, que passaram a refletir sobre suas aulas e a possibilidade de adaptarem suas práticas para atender a proposta da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) que prevê o ensino a partir da lógica interna das modalidades. Entretanto, observa-se que para a efetivação dessa metodologia atual na prática docente dos professores, são necessárias outras estratégias formativas que venham a contribuir com o ensino do voleibol e dos esportes de modo geral nas aulas de EFE e passe a ser feito por meio de jogos de acordo com as abordagens atuais da Pedagogia do Esporte e nos pressupostos da BNCC.
Teaching sports in Physical Education (PE) classes still influenced by the traditional style that prioritizes the motor gestures’ execution and, as a consequence, reach the teaching of volleyball, maked by emphasizing in its teaching precisely these elements of sports. On the other hand, new approaches of Sports Pedagogy can be used as an alternative to this model, when considering in teaching operational principles and the understanding of sports based on the tactical principles of sports, using games as a teaching tool. For this “new” way of teaching sports to reach teachers, some strategies are needed, aimed at continuing education, such the creation of digital didactic materials, based on use of Information and Comunication Technologies (ICT), which supports teachers in classes elaboration, who, influenced by the history of the discipline, reproduces the traditional style of teaching. Thus, the general aim of this research was to elaborate a digital didactic materials about volleyball, based on Sport Pedagogy approaches as a support for PE teachers and to identify the perception of this teachers about the viability of its implementation. From the option for the development of research in the Scandinavian model for academic theses and dissertations, three studies were conducted in the form of articles, which are: 1) problems diagnoses during volleyball classes in PE and comparision with the teachers’ understanding of the difficulties; 2) elaboration of a digital didactic material for the teaching of volleyball throught games on the YouTube platform; and 3) evaluation of digital didactic material throught the Collective Subject Discourse method by PE teachers. Based on the diagnosis of the difficulties of the students in volleyball game, the tactical principles that were used for the elaboration of didactic material were identified: setting up the attack, observe the spaces of the opposing court, throw the ball in empty spaces, occupy the court spaces, direct the contacts with the ball and direct the serve. After the elaboration of the digital didactic material, it was observed that teachers who evaluated it recognized the importance of these didactic materials and the uso of technology in process of continuing education, assisting them in their pedagogical practice. It should be noted the innovative character of the proposal, which combines ICT with volleyball teaching through games and the positive impacts of the material according to teachers’ opinion, who began to reflect about your volleyball classes and the possibility of adapting their pedagogical practices to meet the proposal of the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) which provides teaching as of the operational principles of sports. Althought, it is observed that for the implementation of this current methodology in teachers’ pedagogical practice, other formative strategies are needed that will contribute with the teaching of volleyball and sports in PE classes and start to be done through games according to the current approaches of Sport Pedagogy and the assumptions of BNCC.
Teaching sports in Physical Education (PE) classes still influenced by the traditional style that prioritizes the motor gestures’ execution and, as a consequence, reach the teaching of volleyball, maked by emphasizing in its teaching precisely these elements of sports. On the other hand, new approaches of Sports Pedagogy can be used as an alternative to this model, when considering in teaching operational principles and the understanding of sports based on the tactical principles of sports, using games as a teaching tool. For this “new” way of teaching sports to reach teachers, some strategies are needed, aimed at continuing education, such the creation of digital didactic materials, based on use of Information and Comunication Technologies (ICT), which supports teachers in classes elaboration, who, influenced by the history of the discipline, reproduces the traditional style of teaching. Thus, the general aim of this research was to elaborate a digital didactic materials about volleyball, based on Sport Pedagogy approaches as a support for PE teachers and to identify the perception of this teachers about the viability of its implementation. From the option for the development of research in the Scandinavian model for academic theses and dissertations, three studies were conducted in the form of articles, which are: 1) problems diagnoses during volleyball classes in PE and comparision with the teachers’ understanding of the difficulties; 2) elaboration of a digital didactic material for the teaching of volleyball throught games on the YouTube platform; and 3) evaluation of digital didactic material throught the Collective Subject Discourse method by PE teachers. Based on the diagnosis of the difficulties of the students in volleyball game, the tactical principles that were used for the elaboration of didactic material were identified: setting up the attack, observe the spaces of the opposing court, throw the ball in empty spaces, occupy the court spaces, direct the contacts with the ball and direct the serve. After the elaboration of the digital didactic material, it was observed that teachers who evaluated it recognized the importance of these didactic materials and the uso of technology in process of continuing education, assisting them in their pedagogical practice. It should be noted the innovative character of the proposal, which combines ICT with volleyball teaching through games and the positive impacts of the material according to teachers’ opinion, who began to reflect about your volleyball classes and the possibility of adapting their pedagogical practices to meet the proposal of the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) which provides teaching as of the operational principles of sports. Althought, it is observed that for the implementation of this current methodology in teachers’ pedagogical practice, other formative strategies are needed that will contribute with the teaching of volleyball and sports in PE classes and start to be done through games according to the current approaches of Sport Pedagogy and the assumptions of BNCC.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Voleibol, Pedagogia do esporte, Educação física escolar, Material didático digital, Formação continuada, Volleyball, Sport Pedagogy, Physical education classes, Digital didactic material, Continuing education